Spontaneous resolution of nonimmune hydrops in a fetus with a cystic adenomatoid malformation

BACKGROUND: Blood bank recommendations specify that Ringer's lactate solution (LR) should be avoided while transfusing blood. However, there are few studies either evaluating or quantifying increased coagulation during rapid infusion of LR and blood. DESIGN AND METHODS: Whole blood (WB, n = 25) and packed red blood cells (PRBC, n = 26) were rapidly admixed with normal saline (NS), Lactate solution and LR with 1 g (LR-1), 2 g (LR-2), and 5 g (LR-5) CaCl2/L solutions for assessment of infusion time, filter weight, and clot formation. RESULTS: No significant differences in infusion time or filter weight using WB or PRBC with NS or LR were seen. No significant difference in clot formation between NS and LR with WB or PRBC was found, but the presence of visible clot was increased in the LR-5 group (P = 0.013, WB, and P = 0.002, PRBC). CONCLUSION: A comparison of LR and NS with rapid infusion rates of blood showed no significant difference between infusion time, filter weight and clot formation. Blood bank guidelines should be revised to allow the use of LR in the rapid transfusion of PRBC.     

Ectopic expression of metallothionein-III causes pancreatic acinar cell necrosis in transgenic mice

Mice express four distinct metallothioneins (MTs) that have similar metal-binding properties. MT-I and MT-II are expressed coordinately in most organs, whereas MT-III is expressed predominantly in a subset of neurons and MT-IV is expressed in certain stratified epithelia. The restricted expression of MT-III suggests that it may severe a specialized function. To test this hypothesis, transgenic mice were generated that express MT-III in the wider expression domain of MT-I. Similar transgenic lines expressing extra MT-I under the same regulation were generated as controls for the effect of over-expression of MT. Transgenic mice that express MT-III ectopically frequently die at 2-3 months of age. The pancreata of moribund mice were abnormally small and histological examination, at various ages, revealed a progressive degeneration of the acinar cells. At early stages multifocal acinar cell eosinophilia and swollen nuclei were seen and this pathology progressed to multifocal acinar cell necrosis and fibrosis. The terminal stages were characterized by a loss of the acinar compartment, leaving the islets embedded in a fibrotic remnant. Other organs of these mice were grossly and histologically normal. All organs examined from mice expressing excess MT-I were unremarkable even though expression of either MT-I or MT-III transgenes resulted in similar accumulations of zinc and copper in the pancreata. This study indicates that pancreatic acinar cells are unusually sensitive to chronic expression of MT-III. The mechanism by which MT-III disrupts pancreatic function is unclear, but the results provide further evidence that MT isoforms exhibit distinct properties and probably serve distinct biological functions.     

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: report of four cases and review of the literature

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is an unusual syndrome of postural headache and low cerebrospinal fluid pressure without an established cause. We present four cases, analyze those previously reported in the literature, examine the MRI, CT, angiographic and cisternographic finding and discuss the clinical picture, proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms and potential treatment.     

A new method of preparing and some properties of high molecular weight monoamine oxidase from swine liver mitochondria

Isolation of highly purified and highly molecular monoamine oxidase (MAO) from pig liver mitochondria have been worked out. Specific activity of isolated preparation is 2700 times higher than of original mitochondria homogenate. Enzyme solubilization by digitonin, affinity chromatography purification and ultrafiltration underlie this method. MAO catalytic properties changing during the process of purification by different methods have been investigated. Substrate specificity was studied; kinetic parameters of enzymatic desemination were calculated.     

Diagnostic value of antibodies to filaggrin in rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of antibodies to filaggrin in a cross sectional sample of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Filaggrin from human skin was either extracted with 0.05% Nonidet P-40 and then partially purified by precipitating in ethanol and resuspending in water (Nonidet preparation) or extracted with 9 M urea and then purified by sequential fractionation on a DEAE Sephadex column and on a strong cation exchange column (purified preparation). Antibodies to filaggrin were detected using immunoblotting techniques with sera diluted 1:50. Antikeratin antibodies (AKA) were detected using indirect immunofluorescence microscopy on sections of rat esophagus. RESULTS: Antibodies to filaggrin were detected in 5 of 30 sera of patients with RA using filaggrin from the Nonidet preparation and 6 of 49 sera using filaggrin from the purified preparation. AKA were detected in 13 of 40 sera. A positive correlation existed between the presence of AKA and the presence of antibodies to filaggrin using the purified preparation (p=0.017). CONCLUSION: These data indicate that the reactivity of RA sera with filaggrin is not identical to the presence of AKA and is variable depending upon the preparation of filaggrin used. The diagnostic value of antibodies to filaggrin remains to be proven.     

Prevalence of nocardiosis in an area of endemic tuberculosis

OBJECTIVE: To assess the quantity and nature of the proteins that adsorb to hydrocephalus shunt catheters after implantation, and to determine whether sufficient could accumulate to obstruct the catheter. DESIGN: Elution of proteins from 102 explanted shunt catheters, with protein assay and electrophoresis of the eluate, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the catheters. RESULTS: The amount of protein elutable was extremely low, and significant protein, apart from a thin film, was not found on SEM. Qualitative analysis disclosed that most of the adsorbed protein was albumin. CONCLUSIONS: Protein deposition on hydrocephalus catheters does not occur in sufficient quantities to cause catheter obstruction.     

Accuracy of portable glucose meters for rapid determination of amniotic fluid glucose levels

Fermentation of xylooligosaccharides by 11 strains of Selenomonas ruminantium was examined. Xylooligosaccharides were prepared by the partial hydrolysis of oat spelt xylan in dilute phosphoric acid (50 mM, 121 degrees C, 15 min) and were added to a complex, yeast extract-Trypticase-containing medium. Strains of S. ruminantium varied considerably in their capacity to ferment xylooligosaccharides. Strains GA192, GA31, H18, and D used arabinose, xylose, and the oligosaccharides xylobiose through xylopentaose, as well as considerable quantities of larger, unidentified oligosaccharides. Other strains of S. ruminantium (HD4, HD1, 20-21a, H6a, W-21, S23, 5-1) were able to use only the simple sugars present in the substrate mixture. The ability of S. ruminantium strains to utilize xylooligosaccharides was correlated with the presence of xylosidase and arabinosidase activities. Both enzyme activities were induced by growth on xylooligosaccharides, but no activity was detected in glucose- or arabinose-grown cultures. Xylooligosaccharide-fermenting strains of S. ruminantium exhibited considerable variation in substrate utilization patterns, and the assimilation of individual carbohydrate species also appeared to be regulated. Lactic, acetic, and propionic acids were the major fermentation end products detected.     

Microjet impingement followed by scanning electron microscopy as a qualitative technique to compare cellular adhesion to various biomaterials

Adhesion of cells to biomaterial surfaces is one of the major factors which mediates their biocompatibility. Quantitative or qualitative cell adhesion measurements would be useful for screening new implant materials. Microjet impingement has been evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, to determine to what extent it measures cell adhesion. The shear forces of the impingement, on the materials tested here, are seen to be greater than the cohesive strength of the cells in the impinged area, causing their rupture. The cell bodies are removed during impingement, leaving the sites of adhesion and other cellular material behind. Thus the method is shown not to provide quantification of cell adhesion forces for the metals and culture plastic tested. It is suggested that with highly adherent biomaterials, the distribution and patterns of these adhesion sites could be used for qualitative comparisons for screening of implant surfaces.