Simultaneously developing laminar flow in an isothermal circular tube

An accurate numerical solution for simultaneously developing laminar flow in an isothermal circular tube is presented for Pr = 0.01, 0.70, 5.0 and 50.0 for 10⁻⁶ < x⁺ < 0.10. Local and average Nusselt numbers are tabulated. very large number of radial nodes is required to achieve grid independence and accuracy. Previous results are inaccurate at small nondimensional axial distances from the tube entrance because of an insufficient number of radial nodes and simplifying assumptions.     

Experimental pure fluid and binary mixture performance in a heat pump equipped with a distillation column

An experimental heat pump system that included a distillation column, accumulator/sump, and heater was experimentally investigated using two different working fluids, R32 and a mixture of R32/134a. Performance variations with changes in sump heater power, condenser and evaporator heat transfer fluid flow, and compressor speed were examined. Heating capacity generally increased with increases in the factors tested. Heating capacity increases were generally smaller with the R32/134a tests than with the R32 tests, except with variations in sump heater power. An increase in sump heater power caused a pronounced increase in the circulating R32 concentration during the mixture tests, and the heating capacity increased markedly. The increase in heating capacity with sump heater power during the R32/134a tests was on par with the increase with compressor power during these same tests. The increase in capacity with sump heater power during the R32/134a tests also was substantial even when compared with the capacity increase with compressor speed during the R32 tests.     

Intraoral giant cell lesions: the peripheral and central forms of these entities

Giant cell lesions have long been of interest as to their origins and pathogenesis. These lesions range from the unusual and rare heritable case of Cherubism to the more often encountered peripheral giant cell lesion (granuloma). While some giant-cell-containing entities appear as innocuous lesions, others form tumorous masses and are locally destructive in nature. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to overall patient health and prevention of local tissue destruction. The learning objective of this article is to familiarize the clinician with the most common of these entities-the peripheral and the central giant cell lesions.     

Lung inflammation and genotoxicity following pulmonary exposure to nanoparticles in ApoE-/- mice

Background  

The toxic and inflammatory potential of 5 different types of nanoparticles were studied in a sensitive model for pulmonary effects in apolipoprotein E knockout mice (ApoE^-/-). We studied the effects instillation or inhalation Printex 90 of carbon black (CB) and compared CB instillation in ApoE-/- and C57 mice. Three and 24 h after pulmonary exposure, inflammation was assessed by mRNA levels of cytokines in lung tissue, cell composition, genotoxicity, protein and lactate dehydrogenase activity in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid.     

Testing bibliometric indicators by their prediction of scientists promotions

We have developed a method to obtain robust quantitative bibliometric indicators for several thousand scientists. This allows us to study the dependence of bibliometric indicators (such as number of publications, number of citations, Hirsch index...) on the age, position, etc. of CNRS scientists. Our data suggests that the normalized h-index (h divided by the career length) is not constant for scientists with the same productivity but different ages. We also compare the predictions of several bibliometric indicators on the promotions of about 600 CNRS researchers. Contrary to previous publications, our study encompasses most disciplines, and shows that no single indicator is the best predictor for all disciplines. Overall, however, the Hirsch index h provides the least bad correlations, followed by the number of papers published. It is important to realize however that even h is able to recover only half of the actual promotions. The number of citations or the mean number of citations per paper are definitely not good predictors of promotion. Due to space constraints, this paper is a short version of a more detailed article. [JENSEN & AL., 2008B]