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41.
Ethnic comparisons are extremely important and useful for studying the HLA component involved in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) predisposition. To date there have been only a few reports on the association of HLA loci and IDDM in Chinese. We report here a study on DQA1*Arg52, DQB1*nonAsp57, and DRB1*04 in IDDM children and control adults among Han Chinese living in Taiwan. One hundred and fourteen unrelated children (62 boys) with IDDM were studied. Their ages at diagnosis were between 0.3 and 15.0 years (6.8 +/- 3.6 years). The control population consisted of 120 randomly selected normal adults. DQA1*Arg52(+/+), DQB1*nonAsp57(+/+), and DRB1*04(+/-) were associated with IDDM (RR = 11.50, 2.21, and 2.82; p = 1.11 x 10(-15), 2.84 x 10(-3), and 1.98 x 10(-4), respectively). DQA1*Arg52, DQB1*nonAsp57, and DRB1*04 conferred risks for IDDM (RR = 12.79, 7.11, and 2.83; pc = 8.22 x 10(-4), 5.35 x 10(-3), and 5.68 x 10(-4), respectively). Combinations of DQA1*Arg52 and DRB1*04 conferred the highest risk for IDDM (RR = 19.64, pc = 5.4 x 10(-5)). DQA1*Arg52 was associated with IDDM in subjects with DQB1*nonAsp57+ (RR = 14.87, pc = 2.41 x 10(-4)) and DQB1*nonAsp57 was also associated with IDDM in subjects with DQA1*Arg52+ (RR = 8.41, pc = 1.54 x 10(-3)), suggesting that DQA1*Arg52 and DQB1*nonAsp57 are interacting. This study demonstrates that DQA1*Arg52, DQB1*nonAsp57, and DRB1*04 confer susceptibility for IDDM to Chinese children. A combination of DQA1*Arg52 and DRB1*04 confers the highest risk and it is suggested that a susceptibility gene might be situated between DQA1*Arg52 and DRB1*04 or both are synergistic. There is an interaction between DQA1*Arg52 and DQB1*nonAsp57 and homozygosity for DQA1*Arg52/DQB1*nonAsp57, which encodes four susceptibility DQ heterodimers, confers a high risk. 相似文献
42.
Matthew J. Bauer Catherine S. Snyder Christopher C. Bowland Amanda M. Uhl Maeve A. K. Budi Maria Villancio‐Wolter Henry A. Sodano Jennifer S. Andrew 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2016,99(12):3902-3908
Barium titanate nanofibers were uniaxially aligned by electrospinning onto a rotating copper wire drum and alignment was maintained during calcination of the fibers. Two methods for maintaining alignment during calcination were tested, by either using carbon tape or a peeling off method to remove the aligned fibers from the mandrel followed by calcination. The carbon tape removal method led to the formation of shorter aligned nanowires while the peeling off method resulted in longer nanofibers. Additionally, the effects of calcination temperature and time on crystal structure were also examined. The degree of tetragonality in the barium titanate nanofibers increased at higher calcination temperatures and times. Piezoelectricity was confirmed in the nanofibers calcined using piezoeresponse force microscopy, yielding a d33 value of 15.5 pm/V. Using the methods presented here, large quantities of aligned piezoelectric barium titanate and other ceramic fibers or wires can be produced to fulfill their demand in novel microelectronics. 相似文献
43.
A proposed method for estimating the electrical conductivity of cement paste pore solution at 25 °C is based on the concentrations of OH−, K+ and Na+. The approach uses an equation that is a function of the solution ionic strength, and requires a single coefficient for each ionic species. To test the method, the conductivity of solutions containing mixtures of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide with molar ratios of 4:1, 2:1 and 1:1, and having ionic strengths varying from 0.15 to 2.00 mol/l were measured in the laboratory and compared to predicted values. The proposed equation predicts the conductivity of the solutions to within 8% over the concentration range investigated. By comparison, the dilute electrolyte assumption that conductivity is linearly proportional to concentration is in error by 36% at 1 mol/l and in error by 55% at 2 mol/l. The significance and utility of the proposed equation is discussed in the context of predicting ionic transport in cement-based systems. 相似文献
44.
Aerosol absorption coefficients were obtained using two versions of the Magee Scientific Aethalometer and a Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP) in Riverside, California during July and August of 2005. These measurements were subsequently compared to each other and to hourly elemental carbon (EC) mass concentrations as determined by a Sunset Labs semi-continuous OCEC analyzer. Measurements from all four instruments were shown to be highly correlated (R 2 = 0.83 to 0.92). Differences between absorption values measured by the PSAP and the Aethalometer were found to be dominated by differences in the filter media used by the respective instruments. Comparison of optical and thermal measurements revealed that the specific attenuation cross section (σ ATN ) of light absorbing carbon (LAC) varied as a function of the time of the day, most notably during weekdays. Minimum σ ATN values were observed during morning rush hour when EC concentrations were at their greatest and maxima were seen in the late afternoon. These variations correlated with changes in the OC/EC ratio and the Angstrom exponent for absorption, which is consistent with changes in the mixing state of elemental carbon associated with secondary aerosol condensation on primary EC particles. 相似文献
45.
Although the [2.2.2]-bicyclooctene core of the helicterin, helisorin, and helisterculin class of neolignan natural products could conceivably arise in Nature via Diels–Alder reactions, synthetic explorations have revealed that only under very non-biomimetic conditions can such cycloadditions be performed. In this article, we provide a personal account of explorations towards this natural product family, sharing some additional unpublished synthetic work to test the viability of an alternate, Diels–Alder-based, biogenetic hypothesis for the generation of this unique collection of secondary metabolites. 相似文献
46.
McNamara A. C. Snyder Carl R. Oliver Join T. 《Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on》1974,(5):618-623
The problem of coordination of lamp, fixture, ballast, and final application of high wattage metal halide sources is addressed. It is our intent to clear up some common misconceptions about lamp lumens versus lamp position and to describe a coordinated luminaire system for use in sports lighting or other large area lighting. 相似文献
47.
Hydrogenation of vegetable oils using mixtures of supercritical carbon dioxide and hydrogen 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Jerry W. King Russell L. Holliday Gary R. List Janet M. Snyder 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2001,78(2):107-113
Hydrogenation of vegetable oils under supercritical conditions can involve a homogeneous one-phase system, or alternatively
two supercritical components in the presence of a condensed phase consisting of oil and a solid catalyst. The former operation
is usually conducted in flow reactors while the latter mode is more amenable to stirred, batch-reactor technology. Although
many advantages have been cited for the one-phase hydrogenation of oils or oleochemicals using supercritical carbon dioxide
or propane, its ultimate productivity is limited by the oil solubility in the supercritical fluid phase as well as unconventional
conditions that affect the hydrogenation. In this study, a dead-end reactor has been utilized in conjunction with a head-space
consisting of either a binary fluid phase consisting of varying amounts of carbon dioxide mixed with hydrogen or neat hydrogen
for comparison purposes. Reaction pressures up to 2000 psi and temperatures in the range of 120–140°C have been utilized with
a conventional nickel catalyst to hydrogenate soybean oil. Depending on the chosen reaction conditions, a wide variety of
end products can be produced having different iodine values, percentage trans fatty acid content, and dropping points or solid fat indices. Although addition of carbon dioxide to the fluid phase containing
hydrogen retards the overall reaction rate in most of the studied cases, the majority of products have low trans fatty acid content, consistent with a nonselective mode of hydrogenation. 相似文献
48.
Microstructure and multifunctional properties of liquid + polymer bicomponent structural electrolytes: Epoxy gels and porous monoliths 下载免费PDF全文
Edwin B. Gienger Phuong‐Anh T. Nguyen Wai Chin Kristopher D. Behler James F. Snyder Eric D. Wetzel 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2015,132(42)
Multifunctional structural batteries and supercapacitors have the potential to improve performance and efficiency in advanced lightweight systems. A critical requirement is a structural electrolyte with superior multifunctional performance. We present here structural electrolytes prepared by the integration of liquid electrolytes with structural epoxy networks. Two distinct approaches were investigated: direct blending of an epoxy resin with a poly(ethylene‐glycol) (PEG)‐ or propylene carbonate (PC)‐based liquid electrolyte followed by in‐situ cure of the resin; and formation of a porous neat epoxy sample followed by backfill with a PC‐based electrolyte. The results show that in situ cure of the electrolytes within the epoxy network does not lead to good multifunctional performance due to a combination of plasticization of the structural network and limited percolation of the liquid network. In contrast, addition of a liquid electrolyte to a porous monolith results in both good stiffness and high ionic conductivity that approach multifunctional goals. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42681. 相似文献
49.
Snyder JW Zebger I Gao Z Poulsen L Frederiksen PK Skovsen E McIlroy SP Klinger M Andersen LK Ogilby PR 《Accounts of chemical research》2004,37(11):894-901
The lowest excited electronic state of molecular oxygen, singlet molecular oxygen (a1Deltag), is an intermediate in many chemical and biological processes. Tools and methods have been developed to create singlet-oxygen-based optical images of heterogeneous samples that range from phase-separated polymers to biological cells. Such images provide unique insight into a variety of oxygen-dependent phenomena, including the photoinitiated death of cells. 相似文献
50.
A ferrogel is a composite system comprised of a polymeric matrix and magnetic filler particles. The elastic properties of the polymer can be coupled with the magnetic properties of the particles to create novel soft actuators. Understanding the mechanical behavior of ferrogels in an external magnetic field is essential to optimize actuator performance. The energetics of the mechanical behavior of cylindrical ferrogel specimens was found to be analogous to the energetics of chemical phase transformations in materials. Depending on the sample geometry, the elongation mechanism of ferrogel cylinders in an external magnetic field was identified as either a continuous or discontinuous deformation, analogous to a second- or first-order phase transformation, respectively. In analyzing mechanical strain as a function of magnetic field, the first and second derivatives of energy can be used to predict metastability and transitions in ferrogel deformation behavior. 相似文献