An Exemplar Imidazoline Surfactant for Corrosion Inhibitor Studies: Synthesis,Characterization, and Physicochemical Properties

An optimized one-pot recipe has been developed to synthesize a surfactant molecule, referred to as OMID, consisting of an imidazoline head group and aliphatic tail, which is an exemplar corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in acidic solutions. As evidenced by gas chromatography, ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance, and Fourier-transform infrared data, a high-purity product was achieved without the use of either a solvent or catalyst. Critical micelle concentration values and corrosion inhibition efficiencies ( η %) were determined in aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid using surface tensiometry and linear polarization resistance measurements, respectively. Hydrolysis of the imidazoline head group as a function of pH (0–11) was explored with ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy. In addition, N 1s and C 1s X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data were acquired from both surface-adsorbed OMID and a multilayer of the imidazoline head group of OMID. These latter data are highly relevant to those attempting to understand OMID inhibition chemistry.     

Synthesis,characterization of β-CD based novel hydrogels with dual objectives of drug release and dye removal

Iranian Polymer Journal - In our recent work, we have reported on hydrogels devoid of cross-linkers. After observing the successful swelling and water retention properties, we have introduced...     

Effect of superfine grinding on properties of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vaccinium bracteatum</Emphasis> Thunb leaves powder

Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb, have been widely used in various traditional medicines and food products. The narrow and uniform particle size distribution in V. bracteatum Thunb leaves (VBTL) can be achieved through a new emerging type of foodstuff processing and superfine grinding. The VBTL powders were subjected to four particle sizes as followed: 300–125, 125–75, 75–40, and <40 μm. The VBTL powders were observed to be with smaller size and bulk density, greater surface area, tapped density and the angle of repose. Water solubility index, water holding capacity and total flavonoid extraction increased slightly with the decrease in particle size. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the VBTL exhibiting particle size of <40 μm had the lowest peak temperature; whereas, powder with a particle size of 125–300 μm displayed the largest endothermic enthalpy. Our results of the properties of VBTL superfine powder supplied the basis for VBTL in potential industrial applications of foods.     

Heavy metal accumulation in vegetables irrigated with water from different sources

The present study was carried out to assess levels of different heavy metals like iron, manganese, copper and zinc, in vegetables irrigated with water from different sources. The results indicated a substantial build-up of heavy metals in vegetables irrigated with wastewater. The range of various metals in wastewater-irrigated plants was 116–378, 12–69, 5.2–16.8 and 22–46 mg/kg for iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), respectively. The highest mean levels of Fe and Mn were detected in mint and spinach, whereas the levels of Cu and Zn were highest in carrot. The present study highlights that both adults and children consuming vegetables grown in wastewater-irrigated soils ingest significant amount of these metals. However, the values of these metals were below the recommended maximum tolerable levels proposed by the [Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (1999). Summary and conclusions. In 53rd Meeting, Rome, June 1–10, 1999]. However, the regular monitoring of levels of these metals from effluents and sewage, in vegetables and in other food materials is essential to prevent excessive build-up of these metals in the food chain.     

Conventional and Non-conventional Edible Oils: An Indian Perspective

The Indian dietary pattern has undergone major changes over the past 40 years. Many of these changes involve modification in dietary intake of fats and oils. In developing countries like India, vegetable oils are replacing animal fats because of the cost and health concerns. A wide range of vegetable oils are available in the market but the choice of healthy cooking oil has been a controversial subject since ideas keep on changing as new evidence accumulates. One of the factors holding back the increased use of value-added healthy oils in India is that most potential consumers are genuinely not aware of their health benefits. Edible oil consumption is primarily a community-driven phenomenon in India. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the current scenario of edible oils in India, their composition, health benefits, food applications, stability issues and future aspects as buying the right oil for health has become of great importance.     

Adsorption and penetration of hydrogen in W: A first principles study

In BCC crystals, such as Tungsten (W), slippage has been observed on the (1 1 0) and (1 1 2) planes. In this work, hydrogen diffusion paths from three different W surfaces ((1 0 0), (1 1 0) and (1 1 2)) have been calculated using first principles density functional theory. Equilibrium sites for H at the surfaces are identified. The energetics for H penetration from the surfaces to the solute site in the bulk is calculated. It is found that for our low surface coverage of H (3.4 × 10¹⁴ H/cm²), approximately 2 eV is required for an H atom to penetrate any of the W surfaces considered in this study.     

Identification and extraction of brain tumor from MRI using local statistics of Zernike moments

In this article, a novel method is proposed for the detection of brain tumor in magnetic resonance images (MRIs). The features of Zernike moments are used to analyze the MRIs. The image is divided into two parts from the center of the image based on the average value of the pixel located at the center boundary, and new image vectors are formed to extract the tumor. The local statistics values obtained from the low and high order Zernike moments are used to calculate the appropriate threshold value for efficient tumor extraction. The proposed method successfully analyzes the tumor part of the image on testing with different MRIs.     

A theoretical study of the performance of sub-micron MOSFET devices in the presence of edge potential

In the present communication we have presented a detailed theoretical analysis of the performance of the sub-micron device in the presence of the discontinuity at the Si–SiO₂ interface. It is assumed that due to interface discontinuity a potential develops at the edges (Source/Drain) in addition to the built-in-potential. This potential, called Edge Potential, measures directly the extent of the interface roughness. The effect of this potential is more critical in the case of short channel device where drain and source are in close proximity. Our analysis shows that the discontinuity is dominant at the edges but not in the channel. Drive current as well as saturation transconductance decreases in the presence of edge potential. These results suggest that the performance of the device degrades due to the interface roughness. Effect of interface roughness near the edges can be reduced at high gate voltage but it will result more interface roughness scattering.     

Poly [2-(cinnamoyloxy)ethyl methacrylate-co-octamethacryl-POSS] nanocomposites: Synthesis and properties

Poly [2-(cinnamoyloxy)ethyl methacrylate-co-octamethacryl-POSS] nanocomposites were synthesized from octamethacryl-POSS and 2-(cinnamoyloxy)ethyl methacrylate (CEM) by free radical polymerization. The chemical structures and morphologies of these nanocomposites were determined by FTIR, ²⁹Si NMR, energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The XRD data showed that the materials were amorphous in nature, indicating that POSS formed an aggregate instead of a crystalline form in the polymer matrix. The POSS-CEM nanocomposites exhibited high thermal stability. Excitation and emission of the CEM-incorporated POSS nanocomposites, studied in the solid state, exhibited blue emission with CIE (x, 0.178; y, 0.137) coordinates, in addition to an emission intensity that increased with increasing CEM (monomer) concentration.