Moralism: mobility prediction with link stability based multicast routing protocol in MANETs

In recent research, link stability is getting tremendous attention in mobile adhoc networks (MANETs), because of several impediments that occur in a reliable and robust network. Link stability metric is used to improve network performance in terms of end-to-end delay, data success delivery ratio (DSDR) and available route time (ART). Energy consumption, bandwidth and communication delay of major concern in ad hoc networks. A high mobility of MANET nodes reduces the reliability of network communication. In a dynamic networks, high mobility of the nodes makes it very difficult to predict the dynamic routing topology and hence cause route/link failures. Multicast in MANETs is an emerging trend that effectively improves the performance while lowering the energy consumption and bandwidth usage. Multicast routing protocol transmits a packet to multicast a group at a given time instant to achieve a better utilization of resources. In this paper, node mobility is considered to map better their movement in the network. So, the links with long active duration time can be identified as a stable link for route construction. Variation in signal strength is used to identify whether the direction of the node is towards or away from estimating node. We consider signal strength as QoS metric to calculate link stability for route construction. Efforts are made to identify the link with highly probable longer lifetime as the best suitable link between two consecutive nodes. We predict the movement time of nodes that define the route path to the node destination. Exata/cyber simulator is used for network simulation. The simulation results of the proposed routing protocol are compared with on-demand multicast routing protocol and E-ODMRP, which works on minimum hop count path. Analysis of our simulation results has shown improvement of various routing performance metrics such as DSDR, ART, routing overhead and packet drop ratio.     

Higher order spectral estimation for random fields

This paper is concerned with the nonparametric estimation of the higher order cumulant spectra of vector-valued stationary random fields onZ ^d by smoothing the periodograms, whereZ is the space of integers and the dimensiond1. We derive the asymptotic cumulant properties of the spectral estimates, and consider an application to multidimensional nonlinear systems identification. Numerical examples with simulated data are provided.     

Decoding algebraic-geometric codes up to the designed minimumdistance

A simple decoding procedure for algebraic-geometric codes C _Ω(D,G) is presented. This decoding procedure is a generalization of Peterson's decoding procedure for the BCH codes. It can be used to correct any [(d*-1)/2] or fewer errors with complexity O(n³), where d * is the designed minimum distance of the algebraic-geometric code and n is the codelength     

建立投资风险管理体系，立对3G时代多网络建设

3G时代,电信运营商经营的网络建设范围向移动＋固定网络,2G＋3G网络发展,网络结构愈加复杂。电信运营商投资控制难度不断加大,投资风险也逐渐升高。电信运营商需要加强投资风险管理意识．建立一套从规划层面到项目管理、贯穿投资前中后各个环节的投资风险管理体系,从而降低整体投资风险,提升投资效率。     

基于HCI层的蓝牙开发

本文对蓝牙的体系结构、主机控制器接口(HCI)层及HCI指令和HCI事件进行了简要介绍,探讨了基于HCI层的蓝牙开发模式,阐述了蓝牙点对点的ALC数据传输的主要过程,提出了蓝牙HCI指令函数封装的一般方法,为蓝牙的嵌入式应用开发提供一般思路。     

Quantization Methods for Equal Gain Transmission With Finite Rate Feedback

We consider the design and analysis of quantizers for equal gain transmission (EGT) systems with finite rate feedback-based communication in flat-fading multiple input single output (MISO) systems. EGT is a beamforming technique that maximizes the MISO channel capacity when there is an equal power-per-antenna constraint at the transmitter, and requires the feedback of t-1 phase angles, when there are t antennas at the transmitter. In this paper, we contrast two popular approaches for quantizing the phase angles: vector quantization (VQ) and scalar quantization (SQ). On the VQ side, using the capacity loss with respect to EGT with perfect channel information at transmitter as performance metric, we develop a criterion for designing the beamforming codebook for quantized EGT (Q-EGT). We also propose an iterative algorithm based on the well-known generalized Lloyd algorithm, for computing the beamforming vector codebook. On the analytical side, we study the performance of Q-EGT and derive closed-form expressions for the performance in terms of capacity loss and outage probability in the case of i.i.d. Rayleigh flat-fading channels. On the SQ side, assuming uniform scalar quantization and i.i.d. Rayleigh flat-fading channels, we derive the high-resolution performance of quantized EGT and contrast the performance with that of VQ. We find that although both VQ and SQ achieve the same rate of convergence (to the capacity with perfect feedback) as the number of feedback bits B increases, there exists a fixed gap between the two     

Modification of Energy Level Alignment for Boosting Carbon-Based CsPbI2Br Solar Cells with 14% Certified Efficiency

Hole transfer material (HTM)-free, carbon-based all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) are promising alternatives to conventional organic–inorganic hybrid PSCs in addressing thermal and moisture instability issues. However, the energy level mismatch between the inorganic perovskite and carbon electrode coupled, together with the incapability of the carbon electrode to reflect incident light for reabsorption, limits the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of C-PSCs. To address these issues, herein, a new strategy of a hexyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB)-modified CsPbI₂Br perovskite surface is devised to reduce this energy offset from 0.70 to 0.32 eV and increase the built-in potential by 70 mV for the final devices. Additionally, a CsPbI₂Br perovskite film with a thickness of up to 800 nm is realized via a hot-flow-assisted spin coating approach in an ambient atmosphere with humidity of less than 80%. Reduced energy offset coupled with suppressed charge recombination and thick perovskite layer boosts the champion PCE of CsPbI₂Br C-PSCs to 14.3% (J_sc = 14.1 mA cm⁻², V_oc = 1.26 V, and fill factor = 0.806), and the average PCE to 13.9% under one sun illumination. A new certified efficiency record of 14.0% is obtained for HTM-free inorganic C-PSCs. Meanwhile, the moisture-resistant barrier from the alkyl chain in HTAB improves the stability of the final devices.     

INSPAD: a system for automatic bond pad inspection

A method of detecting probe mark defects in semiconductor bond pads is presented that uses digitized images of color Polaroid photographs from an optical microscope. INSPAD inspects the bond pads in a magnified IC circuit image taken after the electrical testing stage. These are: probe marks must not extend beyond pad boundaries such that they damage glassivation; scratches on the bond pads must not exceed 50% of the bond pad width; and the probe marks must not exceed 25% of the bond pad area. Three types of commonly used bond pad geometries have been addressed. Morphological filtering is performed on the bond pad, to isolate and identify the major probe mark regions. Inspection of each pad takes approximately 2 to 3 s on an Apollo DN-4000 workstation which makes it suitable for real-time applications     

Influence of scattering and two-photon absorption on the optical loss in GaAs-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ nonlinear waveguides measured using femtosecond pulses

The influence of scattering and two-photon absorption on the optical loss in GaAs-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ semiconductor nonlinear waveguides has been studied using femtosecond pulses. By deploying a scattering technique, loss coefficients were evaluated over an extended wavelength range of 1.3-2.1 /spl mu/m in the near-infrared. A systematic study involving intensity and wavelength dependence of the loss revealed the presence of two-photon absorption for wavelengths below 1.6 /spl mu/m. A simple nonlinear transmission study enabled the separation of the two-photon absorption coefficient from scattering and linear absorption. The calculated two-photon absorption coefficients were /spl sim/9-20 cm/GW.     

Gaussianization: An Efficient Multivariate Density Estimation Technique for Statistical Signal Processing

Multivariate density estimation is an important problem that is frequently encountered in statistical learning and signal processing. One of the most popular techniques is Parzen windowing, also referred to as kernel density estimation. Gaussianization is a procedure that allows one to estimate multivariate densities efficiently from the marginal densities of the individual random variables. In this paper, we present an optimal density estimation scheme that combines the desirable properties of Parzen windowing and Gaussianization, using minimum Kullback–Leibler divergence as the optimality criterion for selecting the kernel size in the Parzen windowing step. The utility of the estimate is illustrated in classifier design, independent components analysis, and Prices’ theorem.