Parametric beam-steering technique for acoustic waves with applications to signal processing

It is predicted that two acoustic waves crossing at right angles in a suitably dispersive nonlinear medium will generate a sum-frequency beam in a direction determined by the ratio of their frequencies. This phenomenon makes possible new switching, variable-delay, filtering and correlation devices.     

MR imaging of arthritides affecting the shoulder

MR imaging has had a limited role in the evaluation of arthritis involving the shoulder, despite studies that have shown this technique to be more sensitive than radiography in the evaluation of osseous erosions and cartilage loss. Factors responsible for limiting the use of MR imaging are its relatively high cost, as well as its insensitivity to diminished osseous mineralization and subtle areas of calcification or hyperostosis. MR imaging findings of some arthropathies, however--such as synovial osteochondromatosis, PVNS, and amyloid arthropath--are highly characteristic, and help in determining both diagnosis and treatment. Physicians also should be aware that MR imaging is highly effective at diagnosing numerous "secondary" conditions common in patients with shoulder arthropathies, including rotator cuff rupture, synovial cyst formation, and osteonecrosis.     

Recent advances in γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) properties in pulses: an overview

Beans, peas, and lentils are all types of pulses that are extensively used as foods around the world due to their beneficial effects on human health including their low glycaemic index, cholesterol lowering effects, ability to decrease the risk of heart diseases and their protective effects against some cancers. These health benefits are a result of their components such as bioactive proteins, dietary fibre, slowly digested starches, minerals and vitamins, and bioactive compounds. Among these bioactive compounds, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), a non‐proteinogenic amino acid with numerous reported health benefits (e.g. anti‐diabetic and hypotensive effects, depression and anxiety reduction) is of particular interest. GABA is primarily synthesised in plant tissues by the decarboxylation of l ‐glutamic acid in the presence of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). It is widely reported that during various processes including enzymatic treatment, gaseous treatment (e.g. with carbon dioxide), and fermentation (with lactic acid bacteria), GABA content increases in the plant matrix. The objective of this review paper is to highlight the current state of knowledge on the occurrence of GABA in pulses with special focus on mechanisms by which GABA levels are increased and the analytical extraction and estimation methods for this bioactive phytochemical. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry