软件PLC中梯形图编译的C 实现研究

研究了软件PLC中梯形图的逻辑化表达以及编译为指令表的实现方法,对梯形图元素之间的串并联关系进行了深入探讨,在此基础上给出了基于C 的梯形图逻辑表达模型,实现了梯形图到指令表的转换。该实现在可扩展性以及支持复杂梯形图转换方面具有一定优势。     

ONTRACK: Dynamically adapting music playback to support navigation

Listening to music on personal, digital devices whilst mobile is an enjoyable, everyday activity. We explore a scheme for exploiting this practice to immerse listeners in navigation cues. Our prototype, ONTRACK, continuously adapts audio, modifying the spatial balance and volume to lead listeners to their target destination. First we report on an initial lab-based evaluation that demonstrated the approach’s efficacy: users were able to complete tasks within a reasonable time and their subjective feedback was positive. Encouraged by these results we constructed a handheld prototype. Here, we discuss this implementation and the results of field-trials. These indicate that even with a low-fidelity realisation of the concept, users can quite effectively navigate complicated routes.

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Quantification of heart fatty acid binding protein as a biomarker for drug-induced cardiac and musculoskeletal necroses

Heart fatty acid binding protein (Fabp3) is a cytosolic protein expressed primarily in heart, and to a lesser extent in skeletal muscle, brain, and kidney. During myocardial injury, the Fabp3 level in serum is elevated rapidly, making it an ideal early marker for myocardial infarction. In this study, an MS‐based selected reaction monitoring method (LC‐SRM) was developed for quantifying Fabp3 in rat serum. Fabp3 was enriched first through an immobilized antibody, and the protein was digested on beads directly. A marker peptide of Fabp3 was quantified using LC‐SRM with a stable isotope‐labeled peptide standard. For six quality control samples with Fabp3 ranging from 0.256 to 25 ng, the average recovery following the procedure was about 73%, and the precision (%CV) between replicates was less than 7%. The Fabp3 concentrations in rat serum peaked 1 h after isoproterenol treatment, and returned to baseline levels 24 h after the dose. Elevated Fabp3 levels were also detected in rats administered with a PPAR α/δ agonist, which has shown to cause skeletal muscle necrosis. Fabp3 can be used as a biomarker for both cardiac and skeletal necroses. The cross‐validation of the LC‐SRM method with an existing ELISA method is described.     

Interruptibility as a constraint on hybrid systems

It is widely mooted that a plausible computational cognitive model should involve both symbolic and connectionist components. However, sound principles for combining these components within a hybrid system are currently lacking; the design of such systems is oftenad hoc. In an attempt to ameliorate this we provide a framework of types of hybrid systems and constraints therein, within which to explore the issues. In particular, we suggest the use of system independent constraints, whose source lies in general considerations about cognitive systems, rather than in particular technological or task-based considerations. We illustrate this through a detailed examination of an interruptibility constraint: handling interruptions is a fundamental facet of cognition in a dynamic world. Aspects of interruptions are delineated, as are their precise expression in symbolic and connectionist systems. We illustrate the interaction of the various constraints from interruptibility in the different types of hybrid systems. The picture that emerges of the relationship between the connectionist and the symbolic within a hybrid system provides for sufficient flexibility and complexity to suggest interesting general implications for cognition, thus vindicating the utility of the framework.     

Monoethlenic C20 and C22 fatty acids in marine oil and rapeseed oil. Studies on their oxidation and on their relative ability to inhibit palmitate oxidation in heart and liver mitochondria

1. Carnitine esters of erucic acid (22:1 n-9 cis), cetoleic acid (22:1 n-11 cis), brassidic acid (22:1 n-9 trans), gadoleic acid (20:1 n-9 cis) and oleic acid (18:1 n-9 cis) have been compared as mitochondrial substrates and as inhibitors of palmitoylcarnitine oxidation in heart and liver mitochondria. 2. Both the rate of intramitochondrial-CoA acylation and the rate of beta-oxidation decreases as the chain length increases from C18 to C22. There are no significant differences among the three C22 isomers as oxidizable substrates. 3. All the tested acylcarnitines inhibit palmitoylcarnitine oxidation. The C18 and C20 acylcarnitines inhibit by virtue of being competing substrates; i.e. the respiration is not inhibited. The C22-isomers inhibit also respiration; this shows that the inhibition of palmitolycarnitine oxidation is not compensated for by oxidation of C22-acylcarnitines. Brassidoylcarnitine inhibits the oxidation of palmitoylcarnitine and respiration less than erucoyl-and cetoleoylcarnitine. The different behaviour of the C22-isomers is probably due to the difference in their competitive properties with respect to long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. 4. All C22 acylcarnitines seem to be relatively better oxidized in the liver than in the heart mitochondria while their inhibitory effect on the usage of the radioactive palmitoylcarnitine is very similar. 5. Palmitoylcarnitine inhibits almost completely the "endogenous" formation of acetyl-CoA presumably from malate via pyruvate in the liver mitochondria while the C22-acylcarnitines cause only a partial inhibiton of this acetyl-CaO formation.     

The renal factor in the post-traumatic "fluid overload" syndrome

Hypervolemia with hypertension often occurs 36-72 hours following massive blood and fluid replacement for hypovolemic shock. This syndrome of "fluid overload" has been attributed to the rapid intravascular flux of previously sequestered fluid in patients with impaired diuresis. This hypothesis was tested in 35 injured patients who received a mean of 9.3 L of blood and 17.4 L of salt during resucitation. The renal parameters measured soon after resuscitation included: 1) renal clearance of inulin (GFR), para-amino hippurate (ERPF), milliosmoles, sodium, and free water; 2) inulin space, renal vascular resistance (RVR), O2 consumption, renin, renal blood flow (RBF), and response to furosemide. Eighteen patients developed hypertension, hypervolemia, and respiratory insufficiency. When compared to the 17 normovolemic, non-hypertensive patients, the 18 hypervolemic patients had significantly increased RVR, with a significant decrease in RBF despite an increase in plasma volume and cardiac output. Furosemide produced less diuresis and natriuresis in the hypertensive patients. The balance between hypovolemia and "fluid overload" seemed percarious in the hypertensive patients. Peripheral renin and catecholamine levels were normal in both groups. Patients with post-traumatic "fluid overload" appear to have a combination of hypervolemia, respiratory insufficiency, hypertension, increased cardiac output, decreased extracellular fluid space, and decreased renal perfusion. These findings suggest that decreased interstitial fluid space compliance rather than "fluid overload" is the underlying factor leading to respiratory insufficiency. The therapeutic aspects of these findings are discussed.     

高管激励机制与绩效内生性关系实证研究——以陕西省上市公司数据为例

随着“委托-代理”的公司经营模式兴起,关于高管激励机制与绩效之间相关关系的研究应运而生．文中在单一方程模型与联立方程模型基础上,运用Eviews软件对陕西省上市公司的数据进行处理,并采用经济附加值（EconomicValueAdded,EVA）作为衡量企业经营绩效的指标,从内生性的视角研究上市公司高管激励机制与绩效之间的关系．结果表明高管激励机制与绩效之间不但存在着正相关关系,而且两者之间存在内生性关系．而对于两者的相互作用机理方面还需要进一步研究．     

Domestic Water and Sanitation in Cyclones and Floods in Bangladesh and a Proposed Research Agenda

ABSTRACT

Water is one of the top priority item s i relief activities but the appropriateness and effectiveness of this activity may be questioned. Water and sanitation (WS) are inseparable and together they play major roles in the transmission of the pathogen of diarrhoeal disease. Thousands of people die or suffer from WS-related diseases during postdisaster periods. Here we present WS-related experiences gained after Bangladesh's 1991 cyclone and the views of participants in a regional and a national (local) workshop on this matter held in Bangladesh. About 63 per cent of the water purifying tablets (WPTs) distributed after the 1991 cyclone were found to have lost potency Relief personnel lack basic knowledge about WS practices and the management of WS provision. Participants in the two workshops documented serious problems i this field at both regional and national levels. Major issues for research may include: an appropriate environmental preparedness plan; appropriate waste disposal technologies; appropriate water treatment methods; self- help activities during vulnerable periods; and health education related to WS in disaster situations.     

联合形态滤波和MRF模型的红外小目标检测

针对复杂背景下红外弱小目标检测难题,提出一种基于自适应形态滤波和Markov随机场(MRF)模型的小目标检测算法。设计基于图像局部熵优化的自适应形态滤波器,采用该滤波器进行背景杂波抑制和目标增强,利用MRF理论描述图像像素间关系,构造新的势函数和能量函数,建立目标检测识别模型,通过模型计算自动识别出红外图像中的小目标。理论分析和实验结果表明,该算法可在复杂背景下自适应地抑制背景杂波,成功检测出红外小目标。     

白光高压LED的加速老化实验研究

在120℃的环境温度下,对两组GaN基白光高压发光二极管（HV LED）进行了电流对比加速老化实验。实验中,分别向两组HV LED通入20mA和30mA的恒流电流,通过其老化前后光色电性能参数、I-V曲线以及光照度的变化,分析老化的内在机理;根据样品在不同波段的光谱能量变化及其比值,找出LED老化中主要的影响因素。研究结果表明,随着老化时间的增加,芯片电极的欧姆接触退化,以及芯片材料中的缺陷增多,使HV LED电极脱落、芯片发生严重断裂,从而导致芯片老化失效。