石油生产中的多相流测量

在石油开采和生产过程中,流量测量的准确性比以往任何时候都更加重要了。目前全球的经济形势导致了石油需求的下降,因此石油价格最近开始了回落,不过据预测石油价格还会回升的。因为现在在非传统沉积物中开采石油是相当困难的,多相流的存在导致准确测量流量也变得更加困难。为了能够优化油井的生产并且准确计算出他们开采出的油量和天然气量,经营者开始寻求大量的方法来测量多相流。     

Incorporation of linear multipoint constraints in domain-decomposition-based iterative solvers - Part II: Blending FETI-DP and mortar methods and assembling floating substructures

Two approaches are presented for extending the FETI-DP domain-decomposition-based iterative method to the solution of problems with Linear Multipoint Constraints (LMPCs). Both cases of arbitrary LMPCs and LMPCs generated by the mortar method for enforcing a weak continuity of the solution across non-matching finite element interfaces are considered. In the first approach, the LMPCs are addressed during the preconditioning step but enforced only at convergence. In the second approach, the LMPCs are enforced at each iteration through the solution of an auxiliary coarse problem. Both extended FETI-DP solvers are benchmarked on a parallel processor for a wide range of constrained structural mechanics problems. The obtained results reveal that both solvers are numerically scalable and complement each other from the memory and CPU performance viewpoints.     

Development and validation of a crisis self‐efficacy index

This study develops a crisis self‐efficacy index to provide a tool for crisis communication researchers and practitioners to understand behavioural aspects of crisis response better. Evaluations of public's crisis self‐efficacy using this index inform strategic message development to protect the public and minimize crisis damages by identifying the public/s most in need of self‐efficacy enhancing interventions. The index also provides practitioners a useful longitudinal index to evaluate progress in crisis preparedness programs and track changes in efficacy. A four‐stage survey index development process using structural equation modelling identifies four underlying constructs of crisis self‐efficacy: action, preventive, achievement and uncertainty management.     

High J Pure Inversion Spectrum of ND3 in the v2 = 1 State

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the efficacy of intramuscular flunitrazepam compared with intramuscular haloperidol for the immediate control of agitated or aggressive behavior in acutely psychotic patients. METHOD: Twenty-eight actively psychotic inpatients, aged 20-60 years, who were under treatment with neuroleptic agents were selected for the study. Each was randomly assigned on a double-blind basis to receive either 5 mg i.m. of haloperidol (N=13) or 1 mg i.m. of flunitrazepam (N=15) during an aggressive event. Verbal and physical aggression was measured over time with the Overt Aggression Scale. Patients were also rated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Clinical Global Impression scale. RESULTS: Both flunitrazepam and haloperidol exhibited acute antiaggressive activity. This beneficial effect, as assessed by the Overt Aggression Scale, was obtained within 30 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: Intramuscular flunitrazepam may serve as a convenient, rapid, safe, and effective adjunct to neuroleptics in reducing aggressive behavior in emergency psychiatric settings.     

A retrospective study of changes in physical symptoms and body image after reduction mammaplasty

Reduction mammaplasty is performed typically to alleviate the painful physical symptoms of macromastia. Women who suffer from macromastia also frequently present to the plastic surgeon with heightened body image dissatisfaction and maladaptive behavioral changes in response to their breast size. Numerous investigations have demonstrated improvement in physical symptoms after breast reduction surgery. Studies have also suggested that psychological improvement occurs postoperatively; however, they have not used well-validated, standardized psychological measures. The present study is a retrospective analysis of the physical and psychological status of women who underwent reduction mammaplasty. One hundred ten patients who underwent a reduction mammaplasty between 1982 and 1996 were mailed a packet of questionnaires designed to assess current physical symptoms and body image. Sixty-one of the 110 patients (55 percent) responded. The vast majority reported substantial improvement or elimination of neck, back, shoulder, and breast pain, grooving from bra straps, poor posture, skin irritation, and social embarrassment. In addition, they reported significantly less dissatisfaction with their breasts as compared with a sample of breast reduction patients assessed preoperatively. Symptom relief and improved body image occurred independently of preoperative body weight, as we found few significant differences between obese and non-obese women concerning the resolution of physical symptoms or improvement in body image. Results provide further evidence of the efficacy of reduction mammaplasty not only for relief of physical symptoms but also for alleviation of body image dissatisfaction.     

Novel antitumor 2-cyanoaziridine-1-carboxamides

A set of 20 2-cyanoaziridine-1-carboxamides was synthesized from 2-cyanoaziridine and appropriate isocyanates. These compounds were active against a variety of solid and hematological tumor cells in culture, including strains resistant to doxorubicin and mitoxantrone. Their potencies in these assays correlated with the lipophilicity of substituents. The N-phenyl derivative was more potent and equally effective to imexon, a cyclized 2-cyanoaziridine-1-carboxamide of clinical interest, against cloned fresh human tumors.