Structure and thermal reactivity of some 2-substituted 1,3-oxathiolane S-oxides

Isomerization of 2-benzylidene-1,3-dioxolane to 3-phenylbutyrolactone occurs readily under flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) conditions. 2-Diphenylmethyl-1,3-oxathiolane and 2-benzyl-1,3-oxathiolane have been prepared and the latter compound has been oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxide, whose structure and conformation are examined by ¹H NMR, and to the sulfone whose X-ray structure is determined. 2-Benzylidene-1,3-oxathiolane is also prepared and the behavior of the three S-oxidized oxathiolane derivatives upon FVP is examined. While extrusion of SO_n to give ethene and a carbonyl compound predominates in all three cases, the sulfoxide gives also bis(2-hydroxyethyl) disulfide, most likely formed via thiirane S-oxide and 1,2-oxathietane.     

将安装于CON EDISON电网的带故障限流功能的高温超导电缆现状和进展

介绍了Hydra超导电缆项目的总体目标、设计准则、现状和进展,重点介绍了25m原型电缆的结构设计、生产制造及型式试验.     

Rhenium and molybdenum coatings for dendritic tungsten armors of plasma facing components: Concept,problems, and solutions

Fusion technology development requires materials resistant to heat, erosion and activation. Tungsten (W) could fulfill these requirements for plasma facing components of fusion power plants. A method developed by SNL to enhance the thermal and dimensional stability of W requires depositing a thin coating on the surface of dendritic W armors for IFE plasma facing components. This paper examines the waste disposal rating (WDR) associated with the activation of thin coatings of Re and Mo on the ARIES-ACT W-based divertor. Our results indicate that Re coatings must be limited to fewer than 30 μm in order to classify the Re/W-based divertor as low-level waste (LLW). Mo coatings that are larger than a few microns thick exceed the LLW disposal limit. It is recommended that, in addition to limiting the Mo thickness to 25 μm, natural Mo should be tailored to remove the Mo-94, Mo-98, and Mo-100 isotopes in order to reduce the WDR of the Mo/W-based divertor below the LLW disposal limit. If the isotopic tailoring process is inefficient or costly, SNL could focus their effort on the further development of the Re dendrite coating while Mo experiments would be regarded as a comparative study only.     

High power density from a miniature microbial fuel cell using Shewanella oneidensis DSP10

A miniature microbial fuel cell (mini-MFC) is described that demonstrates high output power per device cross-section (2.0 cm2) and volume (1.2 cm3). Shewanella oneidensis DSP10 in growth medium with lactate and buffered ferricyanide solutions were used as the anolyte and catholyte, respectively. Maximum power densities of 24 and 10 mW/m2 were measured using the true surface areas of reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) and graphite felt (GF) electrodes without the addition of exogenous mediators in the anolyte. Current densities at maximum power were measured as 44 and 20 mA/m2 for RVC and GF, while short circuit current densities reached 32 mA/m2 for GF anodes and 100 mA/m2 for RVC. When the power density for GF was calculated using the cross sectional area of the device or the volume of the anode chamber, we found values (3 W/m2, 500 W/m3) similar to the maxima reported in the literature. The addition of electron mediators resulted in current and power increases of 30-100%. These power densities were surprisingly high considering a pure S. oneidensis culture was used. We found that the short diffusion lengths and high surface-area-to-chamber volume ratio utilized in the mini-MFC enhanced power density when compared to output from similar macroscopic MFCs.     

Glutamate surface speciation on amorphous titanium dioxide and hydrous ferric oxide

Hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) and titanium dioxide exhibit similar strong attachment of many adsorbates including biomolecules. Using surface complexation modeling, we have integrated published adsorption data for glutamate on HFO over a range of pH and surface coverage with published in situ ATR-FTIR studies of glutamate speciation on amorphous titanium dioxide. The results indicate that glutamate adsorbs on HFO as a deprotonated divalent anion at pH 3-5 and 0.2 micromol x m(-2) in the form of chelating-monodentate and bridging-bidentate species attached to the surface through three or four of the carboxylate oxygens, respectively. The amine group may interact weakly with the surface. However, at similar pH values and higher surface coverages, glutamate adsorbs mainly as a monovalent or divalent anion chelated to the surface by the gamma-carboxylate group. In this configuration the alpha-carboxylate and amine groups might be free to interact above the surface with the free ends of adjacent glutamates, suggesting a possible mechanism for chiral self-organization and peptide bond formation.     

The Predictive Validity of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Questionnaire in a Heroin-Addicted Polysubstance Abuse Sample.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the predictive utility of the stages-of-change scales of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA; E. A. McConnaughy, J. O. Prochaska, & W. F. Velicer, 1983) questionnaire in a heroin-addicted polysubstance-abusing treatment sample. Ninety-six participants completed the URICA at the beginning of a 29-week treatment period that required thrice-weekly urine drug screens. Multivariate multiple regression analysis indicated that after controlling for demographic variables, substance abuse severity, and treatment assignment, the stages-of- change scales added significant variance to the prediction of heroin- and cocaine-free urine samples. The Maintenance scale was positively related to cocaine-free urines and length in treatment. The implications of these findings for treatment and for measuring readiness among individuals using multiple substances while taking maintenance medications are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Surface-grafted triruthenium ketenylidene clusters and their catalytic activity in co exchange and hydroformylation of ethylene

A triruthenium ketenylidene cluster [PPN]₂[Ru₃(CO)₉(CCO)] was deposited on MgO, SiO₂, and SiO₂-Al₂O₃, and the nature of surface species on the oxides were studied by an IR spectroscopic study along with catalytic performances in¹³CO exchange reaction and hydroformylation of ethylene. The IR study suggested the stoichiometric protonation of [Ru₃(CO)₉(CCO)]^2-with surface hydroxyl groups on SiO₂ and SiO₂-Al₂O₃ to give [HRu₃(CO)₉(CCO)]^– and H₂Ru₃(CO)₉(CCO), respectively. H₂Ru₃(CO)₉(CCO)/SiO_2– Al₂O₃ was active for¹³CO exchange reaction, while [Ru₃(CO)₉(CCO)]^2–/MgO showed high activity and selectivity toward propanol in hydroformylation of ethylene.