煤层气泡沫压裂低表面张力起泡剂实验

针对煤层气泡沫压裂液表面张力高,压裂液滞留煤层造成地层伤害的问题,研制了低表面张力氟碳表面活性剂(AS-3).实验测定AS-3溶液的表面张力、吸附量、泡沫综合值和悬浮性能,结果表明:质量分数0.3％的AS-3溶液表面张力为16.23 mN/m;在煤表面达到吸附平衡时,饱和吸附量为17.70 mg/g; AS-3水溶液对粒径超过100目的煤粉具有良好悬浮能力.AS-3溶液性能良好,配液简单,适用于煤层气等非常规储层的压裂.     

新型水溶性暂堵剂在重复压裂中的暂堵转向效果

重复压裂是恢复油井产能、提高最终采收率的重要方式之一,目前最有效的重复压裂方式是暂堵剂的转向压裂改造。采用可生物降解材料、高分子量聚合物、膨胀剂和固化剂合成了一种环保型水溶性暂堵转向剂,该暂堵剂颗粒尺寸可根据裂缝宽度定制,水溶性良好,压裂施工结束后4 h可水溶降解;岩心实验表明,该水溶性暂堵剂岩心封堵效率可达99%以上,承压40 MPa以上,且水溶降解后对岩心的伤害较小,满足重复压裂施工各项指标的要求。现场试验1口井,施工过程中加入暂堵剂后施工压力上升3 MPa,起到了良好的暂堵效果,压后增油量为1.1 t/d,含水率下降5%,说明该压裂模式能够起到恢复油井产能、降低含水的目的。      

Sorption and conformational characteristics of reconstituted plant cuticular waxes on montmorillonite

Plant cuticular waxes are essential barriers that regulate the transport of water and organic molecules to intact cuticular membranes. They also compose a significant fraction ofthe recalcitrant aliphatic components of soil organic matter (SOM). In this study, we examined the sorption and desorption of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), naphthalene (NAPH), phenanthrene (PHEN), and pyrene (PYR), by cuticular waxes of green pepper (Capsicum annuum) that had been reconstituted by loading them onto montmorillonite (at four different loadings). The reconstituted wax samples, with and without sorbed PAHs, were characterized by solid-state 13C NMR to supply the evidence of melting transition. The sorption isotherms fit well to a Freundlich equation. Sorption isotherms were practically linear except for that of PYR sorption to the low-load wax-montmorillonite sample. The organic-carbon-normalized sorption coefficients (Koc) depended on PAH's lipophilicity (e.g., octanol-water partition coefficient) and increased with increasing wax-load on clay. Desorption was dependent on PAH's molecular sizes and sorbed amounts and on the wax load of the clay. Desorption hysteresis was observed only at high loads of NAPH and PHEN, and it decreased with both increasing wax load and molecular size (i.e. NAPH > PHEN > PYR). Contributing to hysteresis, the melting transition of the reconstituted waxes after sorbing the PAHs was confirmed by solid-state 13C NMR data. Upon adsorption, the intensity of the NMR peak at 29 ppm (attributed to mobile amorphous paraffinic domains) increased, and a peak at 167 ppm (-COOH) appeared, reflecting the transition of solid amorphous to mobile amorphous domains in the reconstituted waxes. The intensity of melting induced by PAH adsorption decreased with increasing PAH molecular size.     

COMPLEX NONLINEAR MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR A KIND OF VEHICLE SHOCK ABSORBORS

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多元电解质水溶液的值计算法

本文探讨了有关多元电解质水溶液的炯值计算法。提出根据溶液蒸汽压或离子平均活度系数γ±计算二元电解质水溶液(火用)值的公式。多元溶液的(火用)由相同离子强度的二元溶液的(火用)计算。给出海水淡化系统的(火用)数据和脱盐最小功。     

浇口因素对动态注射成型制品影响的研究

对动态注射条件下不同浇口聚丙烯(PP)/碳酸钙(CaCO3)试样的力学性能进行研究.结果表明,在其它工艺参数一定的情况下,大浇口下动态注射成型试样的力学性能比小浇口有一定提高;相对于稳态注射成型,动态注射时浇口越小,试样的力学性能增加幅度越小;振动力场对于CaCO3在PP基体中的分散有很大作用,但浇口大小对最终制品中CaCO3的分布并无明显规律;动态注射成型时试样的熔点随浇口尺寸增大而提高.     

Unsteady flow field numerical calculations of a ship’s rotating Weis-Fogh-type propulsion mechanism with the advanced vortex method

The Weis-Fogh mechanism, found in the hovering flight of a small bee, is a unique and efficient lift generation. In this study, we proposed a rotating type propulsion model that applies the principle of the Weis-Fogh mechanism and calculated the unsteady flow field of the propulsion model with the advanced vortex method. The wing (NACA0010 airfoil) and channel are approximated by source and vortex panels, and free vortices are introduced away from the body surfaces. The viscous diffusion of fluid is represented using the core-spreading model to the discrete vortices. We investigated the thrust and drag coefficients, pressure field, vorticity field, velocity vector field, and average propulsive efficiency of the propulsion model by changing the rotating angle velocity. The force acting on the wing depended heavily on the directions of the thrust and drag and the thrust and drag coefficients largely fluctuated with the change in the rotating angles. The average thrust increased as the rotating angle velocity increased. The maximum propulsive efficiency was 27.9% at a calculated angle velocity. The flow field of this rotating type propulsion mechanism is unsteady and very complex because the wing rotates and moves unsteadily in the channel. However, using the advanced vortex method, it could be calculated accurately.     

带钢表面振纹的工业试验与发现

对某平整机生产的带钢表面横振纹进行了一系列试验研究 ,发现带钢表面振纹与系统的自激振动强相关 ,此种振动源于部分流体润滑与粘滑兼存的辊缝界面     

松软煤层ZDY5000RF大功率两体式履带钻机研制

针对松软突出煤层钻进装备钻进与事故处理能力不足、体积大集成性差等问题,结合松软突出煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔施工需要,研制了ZDY5000RF型大功率两体式履带钻机。该钻机采用两体式安全布局,履带驱动行走,增加了安全防护系统和防护措施,整机功率达到75 kW,额定转矩达到5 000 N·m,给进起拔力达到210 kN。现场试验选择在淮北祁南煤矿进行,在f值为0.5左右的松软突出煤层中,完成孔深200 m以上钻孔5个。试验结果表明：该钻机具有功率大、体积小、搬迁方便、安全性高、钻进和事故处理能力强等等显著优点,在松软突出煤层中具备200 m深瓦斯抽采的钻孔施工能力,为松软突出煤层矿井瓦斯灾害治理提供了设备保障。     

煤粉悬浮剂的作用机理及性能

针对煤层气开采及增产改造过程中产生的煤粉沉积和堵塞问题,结合非离子表面活性剂与煤层的润湿及吸附机理,特研制煤粉悬浮剂FYXF-3.该煤粉悬浮剂可使煤粉迅速分散均匀,具有稳定的煤粉悬浮性能,并可有效改善煤层润湿及吸附性能.本研究开展的模拟裂缝及井筒中煤粉的流动实验表明该煤粉悬浮剂可有效携带出裂缝及井筒中的煤粉,改善煤粉的沉积和堵塞问题;添加煤粉悬浮剂的活性水压裂液体系伤害实验表明,该体系伤害率为9.45%,低于常规活性水压裂液伤害率(10～30%),并且排出液能携带出大量煤粉,伤害率更低.