Settling strikes in real life and simulations in North America and different regions of Europe.

Data for 2,069 managers from 4 regions (9 countries) taken from the International Research Groups on Management data bank and dealing with a simulation of negotiations, were contrasted with known industrial conflict patterns in the 4 regions. The importance of individual commitment to group strategy in affecting the simulation results regarding the time of negotiation and the bargaining issues was related to cultural differences. Possible implications of cultural differences to the study of managerial behavior in resolving industrial disputes are discussed. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of radiation and contrast media on chromosomes. Preliminary report

Measurements of chromosome aberrations or micronuclei in lymphocytes obtained from 7 patients indicate that angiocardiography produced chromosome damage corresponding to an average absorbed dose of about 50 rads. This is an order of magnitude larger than was estimated from the exposure rate. Experiments on lymphocytes suspended in solutions of methylglucamine and sodium diatrizoate (Renografin) or sodium diatrizoate alone (Hypaque) indicate that the chromosome damage observed in the patients is due in larger part to two effects: (a) an increased absorption of x rays as compared to blood and (b) a breakage of chromosomes even in the absence of x rays.     

On the Description of the Phenomenon of Filled Elastomer Strengthening

Relations invariantly relating the matrix deformation to the composite deformation have been derived. A model that permits obtaining a Mullins effect and explains the multiple increase in the strength characteristics of the composite compared to the matrix is proposed. At the basis of the model is the presence at the matrix–filler boundary of a hard rubber layer. This layer is formed due to the interaction between the active surface of the filler and the rubber macromolecules. The quantitative form of the tension distribution function density of active chains of the mesh explaining the strengthening phenomenon has been substantiated.     

Human-Automated Judge Learning: A Methodology for Examining Human Interaction With Information Analysis Automation

Human-automated judge learning (HAJL) is a methodology providing a three-phase process, quantitative measures, and analytical methods to support design of information analysis automation. HAJL's measures capture the human and automation's judgment processes, relevant features of the environment, and the relationships between each. Specific measures include achievement of the human and the automation, conflict between them, compromise and adaptation by the human toward the automation, and the human's ability to predict the automation. HAJL's utility is demonstrated herein using a simplified air traffic conflict prediction task. HAJL was able to capture patterns of behavior within and across the three phases with measures of individual judgments and human-automation interaction. Its measures were also used for statistical tests of aggregate effects across human judges. Two between-subject manipulations were crossed to investigate HAJL's sensitivity to interventions in the human's training (sensor noise during training) and in display design (information from the automation about its judgment strategy). HAJL identified that the design intervention impacted conflict and compromise with the automation, participants learned from the automation over time, and those with higher individual judgment achievement were also better able to predict the automation.     

New electronic materials: The technical challenge

The rapid changes in electronics today are largely due to innovations in solid-state devices, the most important of which are in silicon microelectronics. These innovations, which include the use of new semiconductor materials, profoundly influence the design options in every kind of electronic system. They have brought about new concepts and abilities in large systems as well as introducing new inventions which make possible powerful computing and data handling in very small packages. The properties of microelectronic circuits depend on the detailed atomic properties of their constituent materials. As a result there is now a very close interdependence between electronic systems and the atoms of the devices comprising them. Thus it is only those companies with technical competence spanning the range from atoms to systems that will be major influence on the directions of technology. There are also very good business benefits to be derived from such total competence: it gives security and control of technology as well as increased added value to the firm's products.     

Robust Torque Control of Switched-Reluctance Motors Without a Shaft-Position Sensor

This paper describes a technique for stabilizing the operation of variable-reluctance stepping-motor drives operating without a shaft-position sensor. In such systems there is a trade-off between the system efficiency and the torque margin (or pull-out torque) which depends on the width of the phase conduction pulse width. The scheme described in the paper permits the motor to run in the steady state with both narrow conduction pulse widths and high efficiency. Under transient or overload conditions the conduction pulse width is increased in response to a change in the dc link current, providing an increase in available torque. Tests on a small motor drive have produced a steady-state torque margin of over 300 percent and of 200 percent under step-change conditions.     

High-gain, V-band, low-noise MMIC amplifiers usingpseudomorphic MODFETs

State-of-the-art, 60-GHz, low-noise MMICs based on pseudomorphic modulation-doped FETs, with 0.25-μm×60-μm gates offset 0.3 μm from the source ohmic, are discussed. Single-state low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) exhibited minimum noise figures of 2.90 dB with 4.1 dB of associated gain at 59.25 GHz. Dual-state MMICs had minimum noise figures of 3.5 dB and 10.8 dB of associated gain at 58.50 GHz. Cascaded four-stage LNAs (two dual-stage MMICs) had minimum noise figures of 3.7 dB and over 20.7 dB of associated gain at 58.0 GHz. Finally, when biased for maximum gain, the four-stage amplifier exhibited over 30.4 dB of gain at 60.0 GHz     

A narrow-channel, 0.2-μm gate-length, double-quantum-wellpseudomorphic MODFET with high power gain at millimeter-wave frequencies

State-of-the-art pseudomorphic MODFETs were developed with metallurgical gate lengths between 0.22 and 0.25 μm, very short source-to-drain spacings of 0.7 μm, and a double-quantum-well material structure. S-parameter measurements were performed on these 60-μm gate-width devices up to 40 GHz. From these S-parameter measurements, an extrapolated value of 82 GHz was estimated for F_t. Modeling of the power gain as a function of frequency indicates that F_max may be as high as 305 GHz     

Role of a Historian in a Database Management System

Traditionally, a database manager tracks only transactions — an insufficient way to maintain a complete history. This multilevel system tracks three history levels: character, transaction, and global action.