The mental representation of music notation: Notational audiation.

This study investigated the mental representation of music notation. Notational audiation is the ability to internally "hear" the music one is reading before physically hearing it performed on an instrument. In earlier studies, the authors claimed that this process engages music imagery contingent on subvocal silent singing. This study refines the previously developed embedded melody task and further explores the phonatory nature of notational audiation with throat-audio and larynx-electromyography measurement. Experiment 1 corroborates previous findings and confirms that notational audiation is a process engaging kinesthetic-like covert excitation of the vocal folds linked to phonatory resources. Experiment 2 explores whether covert rehearsal with the mind's voice also involves actual motor processing systems and suggests that the mental representation of music notation cues manual motor imagery. Experiment 3 verifies findings of both Experiments 1 and 2 with a sample of professional drummers. The study points to the profound reliance on phonatory and manual motor processing--a dual-route stratagem--used during music reading. Further implications concern the integration of auditory and motor imagery in the brain and cross-modal encoding of a unisensory input. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

面向移动市场的DSP平台

功率和速度的结合将一如既往地推动半导体工业制造更快、更精巧的器件。遍观整个行业，厂商们总是按照硅芯片尺寸（越小越好）的路线来思考，把自己切实的工作引向如何做得使硅更高效。更高效的硅系统意味着更强大的应用，进而意味着附加值产品研发更快，从而降低上市时间。