Results of solar cell performance on lunar base derived from Apollo missions

Some characteristic variations of the solar cell performance on the lunar base, from Apollo lunar missions, are presented and analyzed. Two specific aspects, solar cell output variation during the lunar day and through several years are discussed.     

Trajectories of internalizing, externalizing, and grades for children who have and have not experienced their parents' divorce or separation.

This study examined whether the occurrence and timing of parental separation or divorce was related to trajectories of academic grades and mother- and teacher-reported internalizing and externalizing problems. The authors used hierarchical linear models to estimate trajectories for children who did and did not experience their parents' divorce or separation in kindergarten through 10th grade (N = 194). A novel approach to analyzing the timing of divorce/separation was adopted, and trajectories were estimated from 1 year prior to the divorce/separation to 3 years after the event. Results suggest that early parental divorce/separation is more negatively related to trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems than is later divorce/separation, whereas later divorce/separation is more negatively related to grades. One implication of these findings is that children may benefit most from interventions focused on preventing internalizing and externalizing problems, whereas adolescents may benefit most from interventions focused on promoting academic achievement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Transgenic mice in the study of polyglutamine repeat expansion diseases

We investigated the genetic heterogeneity of 2354 individuals from the 9 provinces of Sicily. The genetic markers we used were HP, GC, TF, PI, and AK1 plus other previously tested polymorphisms, for a total of 24 independent markers. Distinct multivariate statistics were applied to verify the claimed genetic distinctiveness between extant eastern and western Sicilian populations. Our hypothesis stated that any diversity found between the two subpopulations would represent the signature of early colonization of the island by Greek and Phoenician peoples. Correspondence analysis showed that there was no clear geographic clustering within Sicily. The genetic distance matrix used for identifying the main genetic barriers revealed no east-west differences within the island's population, at least at the provincial level. FST estimates proved that the population subdivision did not affect the pattern of gene frequency variation; this implies that Sicily is effectively one panmictic unit. The bulk of our results confirm the absence of genetic differentiation between eastern and western Sicilians, and thus we reject the hypothesis of the subdivision of an ancient population in two areas.     

Organic and elemental carbon measurements during ACE-Asia suggest a longer atmospheric lifetime for elemental carbon

During the ACE-Asia intensive field campaign (March 14-April 20, 2001), PM1.0 organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations were measured onboard the NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown over the Northwest Pacific Ocean using a semi-continuous automated carbon analyzer downstream of a carbon-impregnated filter denuder. This OC and EC measurement achieved a mean time resolution of about 200 min over the Pacific Ocean, substantially lower than that achieved previously (24 h). The semi-continuous measurements, in which the adsorption artifact was substantially reduced using the denuder, showed good agreement with integrated artifact-corrected measurements made without a denuder. Mean particulate OC and EC concentrations were 0.21 and 0.09, 0.70 and 0.29, 1.00 and 0.27, and 2.43 and 0.66 microg of C m(-3) over the background Pacific Ocean, Asian-influenced Pacific Ocean, offshore of Japan, and Sea of Japan, respectively. On April 11, 90-min average OC and EC concentrations peaked at 4.0 and 1.3 microg of C m(-3), respectively, offshore of Korea over the Sea of Japan. The OC/EC ratio of 3.7 over the Sea of Japan and offshore of Japan was substantially higher than that of 2.5 over the Asian-influenced Pacific Ocean, even though backward air mass trajectories put the "Asian-influenced Pacific Ocean" sample downwind. The OC/EC ratio decreased with increasing time since the air mass encountered the source regions of China, Japan, and Korea. This suggests a longer atmospheric residence time for EC than for OC.     

Narrative discourse in children with early focal brain injury

Children with early brain damage, unlike adult stroke victims, often go on to develop nearly normal language. However, the route and extent of their linguistic development are still unclear, as is the relationship between lesion site and patterns of delay and recovery. Here we address these questions by examining narratives from children with early brain damage. Thirty children (ages 3:7-10:10) with pre- or perinatal unilateral focal brain damage and their matched controls participated in a storytelling task. Analyses focused on linguistic proficiency and narrative competence. Overall, children with brain damage scored significantly lower than their age-matched controls on both linguistic (morphological and syntactic) indices and those targeting broader narrative qualities. Rather than indicating that children with brain damage fully catch up, these data suggest that deficits in linguistic abilities reassert themselves as children face new linguistic challenges. Interestingly, after age 5, site of lesion does not appear to be a significant factor and the delays we have witnessed do not map onto the lesion profiles observed in adults with analogous brain injuries.     

Another look at contrast effects in the employment interview.

Extended the work of M. Hakel, J. Ohnesorge, and M. Dunnette (see PA, Vol. 44:574l) and R. Leonard and M. Hakel's 1971 study of the effects of induced expectation on resume ratings. In Study 1, 90 undergraduates and 90 professional interviewers rated 12 resumes (random sets of 3 good, 3 average, and 3 poor), the last of which was the target resume. The 2 preceding ones (10 and 11) were used to induce the expectation; both were good, average, or poor. A 9-point criterion rating scale was used by 60 professionals to rate 3 resumes in Study 2. Results of both studies show no contrast or assimilation effects in judgments. Professionals indicated a tendency not to base hiring decisions on resumes alone. Results of previous studies and methodological problems are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

X-ray photoemission studies of cesium antimonide photoemitters

X-ray photoemission spectra (XPS) of cesium antimonide photosurfaces prepared in ultrahigh vacuum on Pyrex, Suprasil quartz and stainless steel substrates were measured. A comparison of the XPS data for xenon gas, which is isoelectronic with Cs⁺, and cesium in good cesium antimonide photoemitters indicates that cesium exists predominantly in the form Cs⁺, in direct conflict with present theories concerning this surface. Measurements also indicated a slight excess of antimony above that given by the formula Cs₃Sb. Band bending is only inferred from the shifts of the cesium core levels as a function of photosensitivity.