Leaving home,returning home: Migration as a labor market choice for Alaska Natives

We investigate determinants of the pattern of recent migration of Alaska Natives between rural homelands and urban areas. A review of the literature on moving in the North American North suggests that economic opportunities draw migrants, although such opportunities must be viewed in the context of the mixed subsistence-cash economy prevailing in rural areas of the region. Consequently, we model Native migration as a simultaneous decision with labor market participation in a mixed economy. Estimated equations explaining individual Alaska Native migration choices using the U.S. Census Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) are consistent with the model, and also suggest that perceived opportunities differ between women and men.The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation, grant OPP-9521459. An earlier version of this paper was presented to the 1998 annual meeting of the Western Regional Science Association     

Comparative characteristics of state control of food quality and safety in various countries of the world. I. State control of quality and safety of food products in Germany and Denmark

The official control of food safety and quality is the most important tool for governmental protection of public health and consumers rights in foodstuffs business sector. Although historically each country developed it's own system reflecting national culture, economy etc., tremendous efforts were made in recent decades to pursue international harmonization of national food laws and regulation. The major goal of harmonization is to ensure that food laws and regulations of various countries are based on sound science and that consumers of various countries benefit from advances of new technologies. Germany and Denmark are members of European Union. Therefore basic principles of official foodstuffs control of both countries have been harmonized with respective EU directives. In contrast to Russia, the systems in both countries are not based on pre-market product certification and are focused instead on approval of manufacturing, storage and sale facilities as well as products related business practices of foodstuff suppliers.     

Analysis of charges and surface states at the interfaces of semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor structures

A method for determining the energy spectrum of charges and surface-state densities at the interfaces of semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor structures was developed; the method is based on the analysis of capacitance-voltage characteristics. The method was experimentally tested with Si-SiO₂-Si structures prepared by direct bonding of both mirror-polished smooth wafers and wafers with a regular mesoscopic relief pattern at the inner surface of the wafers to be bonded. The density of surface states is lower at the surfaces with a regular relief pattern than that at the surfaces without the surface relief.     

Medical Students Time-Sharing an Analog Computer to Learn Physiology

Medical schools, both newly developing and well-established, are recognizing a need for visual and mechanical instructional aids for teaching medicine to future physicians and paramedical personnel. The analog computer has proved to be very useful for these purposes in our hands, since it can be used to simulate many human and animal functions.     

电磁干扰滤波器综述

选择这些器件需要确定干扰的类型和来源,及其适用的标准 现在生产的所有电子设备都包含电磁干扰滤波电路.同样,所有开关型电源都有内部的电磁干扰滤波器.但是,在有些环境中,这些电子器件的电磁干扰滤波器需要辅助滤波器,以便满足更加苛刻的电噪声管制或者保护器件免受过多的外部噪声源干扰.     

Cassettes for PCR-mediated construction of green, yellow, and cyan fluorescent protein fusions in Candida albicans.

We have developed a set of plasmids containing fluorescent protein cassettes for use in PCR-mediated gene tagging in Candida albicans. We engineered YFP and CFP variants of the GFP sequence optimized for C. albicans codon usage. The fluorescent protein sequences, linked to C. albicans auxotrophic marker sequences, were amplified by PCR and transformed directly into yeast. Gene-specific sequence was incorporated into the PCR primers, such that the tag-cassette integrates by homologous recombination at the 3'-end of the gene of interest. This technique was used to tag Cdc3 and Tub1 with GFP, YFP and CFP, which were readily visualized by fluorescence microscopy and localized as expected. In addition, Tub1-YFP and Cdc3-CFP were visualized in the same cells. Thus, this technique directs one-step construction of multiple fluorescent protein fusions, facilitating the study of protein co-expression and co-localization in C. albicans cells in vivo.     

The role of human factors in flexibility management: A survey

Flexibility can be defined as the ability to respond effectively to the ever‐changing and increasing needs of the customer. For this demand to be satisfied, flexibility should be built into the total chain of acquisition, processing, and distribution stages. As a result, there is an increasing interest in flexibility and flexibility enabling mechanisms/parameters to achieve the best strategy for obtaining the right and desired output. Although quite a number of flexibility definitions and mechanisms can be found in the literature, flexibility remains poorly understood and utilized in practice. That is due to the lack of standardization in the terminology about the flexibility definitions and mechanisms. This article presents the finding of an extensive literature survey to determine the Intra flexibility mechanisms/parameters. These mechanisms/parameters are then classified, according to their contribution to the supply chain stages and their interaction with Inter Flexibility mechanisms (e.g., Organizational structure flexibility, Technology flexibility, Information system flexibility, and Human resource flexibility). In addition, the crucial role of human factors and its relationship with flexibility mechanisms are investigated, and related flexibility mechanisms are identified. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.