Influences of gender and weight gain on short-term relapse to smoking in a cessation trial.

Few researchers have studied whether weight gain has an impact on short-term relapse to smoking. The authors of this study investigated predictors of relapse among 989 participants (60% women) in a randomized, double-blind, 10-week multicenter trial to determine the effect of fluoxetine (30 or 60 mg) versus placebo in combination with behavioral counseling for smoking cessation. Medication compliance and smoking status were biochemically verified. At Visit 2, participants were asked to set a quit date within the subsequent 2 visits. A proportional hazards regression model was used to predict risk of relapse within the first 3 months of quitting. Weight gain predicted relapse, but for men only. Female gender also predicted relapse. The results led the authors to question whether postcessation weight gain interventions should be restricted to women smokers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

渐进式豪华:Michel House

项目愈大,设计师发挥的空间就愈大,这似乎是个定律,故当San Interiors的邢穗红被委托,为面积达150000平方尺的Michel House作室内设计时,她发觉那42间寝室、多个办公室、康乐设施等地方,让她不止能表达一种风格的设计,而且可在一个屋檐下创造多种风格.     

Effect of induced mood states on activity and self-reported affect.

Studied the influence of positive and negative affect induced by cognitive mediation on behaviors thought to reflect depression. Data from 88 undergraduates who completed the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist and who were subsequently assigned to 3 mood-induction conditions (elation, depression, and neutral) support a cognitive mediation theory of depression and suggest that affect can be manipulated in the laboratory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychological responses to BRCA1 mutation testing: Preliminary findings.

The short-term psychological responses of 60 adult women tested for a BRCA1 gene mutation associated with a high risk of breast and ovarian cancer were investigated. Participants were members of a large kindred enrolled in an ongoing prospective study of the psychosocial impact of genetic testing. Initial results from participants who completed both the pretest baseline and the 1-2 week posttest follow-up interviews are reported. Gene mutation carriers manifested significantly higher levels of test-related psychological distress, as measured by the Impact of Event Scale, when compared with noncarriers. The highest levels of test-related distress were observed among mutation carriers with no history of cancer or cancer-related surgery. Although general distress (state anxiety) declined after testing, carriers were more distressed than noncarriers at follow-up. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Knowledge Management Focus in US and Canadian Firms

Experts predict that as we approach the year 2000, employee brainpower and other knowledge resources are rapidly becoming the most important factors driving business profitability. The challenge for organizations over the next decade will be to understand the role of knowledge resources in creating value for firms. This article provides three perspectives to understand the notion of knowledge management. The first section provides an overview of trends and issues that highlight the emergence of the knowledge era. The second section of the article recaps the results of a survey of Fortune 500 and Post 300 firms that the authors conducted to learn about knowledge management practices. The last section of the article provides guidelines for getting started in knowledge management.     

Elicitation of knowledge transformational reports while children write narratives.

Examined transformational or recontextualizing operations underlying the problem solving of young writers. A stimulated-recall procedure, which enabled protocol analyses to be performed on participants' in situ comments, was employed with 53 12-yr-olds to examine their reports of their own writing processes. A narrative-writing task was used as a context for these children in which to comment on their writing as they wrote. The protocols of the sessions were recorded, transcribed, and evaluated for evidence of transformative problem-solving behaviors (largely as identified by C. Bereiter and M. Scardamalia, 1987), including: extended start-up time, time-monitoring, task completion time, note-making, oral reports of planning, audience awareness, and revision of story plans, and the use of a range of sources for story ideas. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Hierarchical linear modeling and the "unit of analysis" problem: A solution for analyzing responses of intact group members.

The use of the hierarchical linear modeling (HLM; A. S. Bryk & S. W. Raudenbush, 1992) statistical procedure has recently become more common. The author reviews HLM, discusses its advantages over ordinary least squares regression in modeling cross-level data, and demonstrates advantages to group researchers: more precise estimates of the relative strength of the relationships between variables at 2 or more levels of analysis; increased power due to distinguishing between random error and "error" attributed to between-group variance; clarity about if and why some group properties might affect the strength of bivariate individual-level relationships; random sampling only at the highest level of analysis, because levels nested within are assumed to be intercorrelated; and the choice of comparing individuals to the whole population or just those within the same groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A Compact, Microprocessor-Based ECG ST-Segment Analyzer for the Operating Room

We describe a microprocessor-based device for analyzing ST-segment changes of the electrocardiogram in the operating room during general anesthesia. The device identifies significant components of the ECG waveform, detects arrhythmias, and performs ST-segment measurements. Measured values of heart rate, QRS duration, R-wave magnitude, and ST-segment level, slope, area, and index are selectively displayed on a front-panel numeric display and can be recorded in analog form with an FM tape recorder. Provided are details of the battery-operated hardware, the ST-analysis software, and the results of 60 h of clinical trials. Possible uses are proposed for trend analysis during anesthesia.