Timing of self-disclosure, reciprocity of self-disclosure, and reactions to an initial interview.

Interviewed 54 college females individually for 40 min about how they were influenced by friends, family, and persons in authority. The interviewer disclosed experiences, attitudes, and beliefs similar and dissimilar to those revealed by the S 0, 4, or 12 times during the interview. Such disclosures occurred prior to (modeling situation) or immediately after (reinforcement situation) S disclosures. An intermediate number of disclosures resulted in significantly more S disclosures and led to the interviewer's being described as significantly more empathic, warm, and congruent. Timing of interviewer disclosures had no effect. Results suggest that an intermediate level of interviewer self-disclosure may best initiate reciprocity of disclosure, which in turn can lead to more positive reactions to the interviewer. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Infants' intermodal knowledge about gender.

The aim of this study was to seek evidence of intermodal knowledge about gender in infants that would provide direct evidence of the existence of gender categories during the 1st yr of life. In Exp 1, 20 9- and 24 12-mo-olds were presented with pairs of male and female pictures with a female or male voice presented simultaneously. Ss spent significantly more time looking at the pictures matching the voices than at the same pictures paired with mismatching voices, but only in the case of female stimuli. Comparison to chance level performance suggested that the matching effect was more consistent in older Ss. In Exp 2, 20 9-mo-olds were tested with a set of highly stereotypical faces and distinctive male and female voices. Ss showed a preference for the faces matching the voices, but this effect was again restricted to female stimuli. Results of both studies suggest that intermodal knowledge about gender develops during the 2nd half of the 1st yr. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The status of Black males in America: A data base search.

Discusses database searching strategies for topics in psychology, using, as an example, the present authors' (1988) bibliography of research on Black males in the US, compiled from the PsycINFO database. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of assertion training on acceptance of disability by physically disabled university students.

This pilot study focused on the effects of assertion training on 14 physically disabled undergraduates' acceptance of disability. A pretest–posttest control group design was utilized. Ss were randomly assigned to either a treatment group or a no-treatment control group. The hypotheses analyzed were that Ss given assertion training would show increases in Acceptance of Disability Scale scores, self-concept/esteem scores (Rathus Assertiveness Scale), and social interaction skills scores (Behavioral Observation Scale) when compared with individuals who did not experience assertion training. Significant results were obtained for all hypotheses indicating that the groups differed in acceptance of disability, self-concept, and social interaction. The study suggests that assertion training may be effective for increasing acceptance of disability in physically disabled students. (11 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The hydrolysis of brilliant green and some derivatives. I. A kinetic and equilibrium study of the hydrolysis of brilliant green

The hydrolysis of Brilliant Green has been studied over the pH range 6–11. In neutral aqueous solution and in the absence of light, the system reaches equilibrium. In alkaline solution, complete conversion into the dye base occurs. Rate constants and activation parameters have been obtained for the hydrolysis and a reaction scheme is proposed.     

Autonomic functioning in process and reactive schizophrenia.

Compared the autonomic functioning of male process schizophrenics, reactive schizophrenics, and normal ss (n = 30) under rest and arousal conditions. Ss were exposed to 6 arousal conditions: (a) white noise, (b) electric shock, (c) paired associate learning, (d) word activity test, (e) finger dexterity task, and (f) pursuit rotor task. Rest periods preceded each arousal condition. Heart rate, skin resistance, respiration rate, diastolic and systolic blood pressures were recorded under all 6 conditions. Results show that under stress the levels of physiological functioning for normal ss and reactive schizophrenics were similar on skin resistance and blood pressure, with process schizophrenics showing a higher level of arousal on skin resistance and a lower level on blood pressure. Reactive schizophrenics had the fastest heart rate, with process schizophrenics next, and normals the lowest. Respiration did not reliably differentiate among the groups. Reactive schizophrenics and normals generally showed greater increments to the arousal conditions (compared with prestress base lines) than the process schizophrenics in all measures except heart rate and skin resistance. In those 2 measures, reactive and process schizophrenics were similar in their reactions to the stress conditons, and both groups showed less reactivity in general than normals. (french summary) (31 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The corrosion behavior of stainless steels and copper alloys exposed to natural seawater

The corrosion behavior of stainless steels, titanium and copper alloys exposed to flowing Pacific Ocean water was characterized using surface analytical and electrochemical techniques. Biofilm formation on stainless steels and titanium resulted in thin films of bacteria and diatoms that did not cause significant changes of the corrosion potential (E_corr) or surface properties. Rotating cylinder experiments indicated that both E_corr and corrosion rates for stainless steels and titanium were independent of mass transport. Four surface layers were identified on copper-containing materials: substratum metal; an inorganic chloride corrosion layer that contained alloying elements; a biofilm; and crystalline, spherical phosphate-rich deposits. All copper surfaces were colonized by bacteria independent of alloy composition. The complexity of the impedance spectra for copper-containing materials was attributed to formation of surface layers and contributions of charge transfer and mass transport controlled reactions mediated by the layers. Both anodic and cathodic reactions for copper-based materials were affected by mass transport.     

Discrete element simulation of free flowing grains in a four‐bladed mixer

Numerical simulations of granular flow in a cylindrical vessel agitated by a four‐blade impeller were performed using the discrete element method. Velocity, density, and stress profiles within the mixer displayed a periodic behavior with a fluctuation frequency equal to that of the blade rotation. Blade orientation was found to affect flow patterns and mixing kinetics. For an obtuse blade pitch orientation, a three‐dimensional recirculation zone develops in‐front of the blade due to formation of heaps where the blades are present. This flow pattern promotes vertical and radial mixing. No recirculation zone was observed when the blade orientation was changed to an acute blade pitch. The system's frictional characteristics are shown to strongly influence the granular behavior within the mixer. At low friction coefficients, the 3‐D recirculation in front of the obtuse blade is not present reducing convective mixing. Higher friction coefficients lead to an increase in granular temperature which is associated with an increase in diffusive mixing. Normal and shear stresses were found to vary with mixer height with maximum values near the bottom plate. Additionally, a strong dependence between the magnitude of the shear stresses and the friction coefficient of the particles was found. The stress tensor characteristics indicate that the granular flow in our simulations occurs in the quasi‐static regime. At the same time, the averaged pressure was found to vary linearly with bed height and could be predicted by a simple hydrostatic approximation. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009