The production of pork with garlic flavour notes using garlic essential oil

Garlic essential oil (GEO) added directly to pork mince or to the diet of pigs was evaluated for its effectiveness in masking undesirable mutton flavour. Pork was from 31 female pigs (Duroc × (Large White × Landrace)) grown on diets containing either animal-plus-plant products (AP diet) or plant products only (P diet) with four levels of GEO: 0, 0.55, 1.44 and 1.84 g/kg feed and 0, 0.55, 1.44 and 2.15 g/kg feed in the AP and P diet, respectively. Garlic flavour increased and mutton flavour decreased in pork from pigs that consumed more than about 150 g and 220 g of GEO in P and AP diets, respectively over the 57-day feeding period. The garlic flavour was stronger and the mutton flavour less intense for pork from pigs on the P diet. When GEO was added to pork mince at 125 ppm, it significantly reduced mutton flavour.     

评估经济型 x86 CPU：价格下跌的价值

不知道英特尔公司是否因为预期了当前金融危机对全球的影响,所以才开发了经济型Atom CPU,作为保持自己市场份额的一种方式。（该公司公开声明,Atom的主要意图是拓宽x86架构的应用基础。）另外还有件不明确的事,即Atom有可能拆英特尔更高利润微处理器的台,从而对公司的长期收益与利润产生负面影响。不过,在今天不景气的经济下,任何强劲的销售指标都是少见而有激励性的标志。现在所谓的上网本要占到PC增长的很大一部分,而Atom为多数上网本的设计提供了动力引擎,因此英特尔这种用Atom代替自己的CPU,而不是让竞争对手去占据市场的实用主义方法应该获得货赏。     

薄膜电阻器提供不渗透硫的解决方案

当前的小型化趋势将电阻器技术推到了极限。例如,0201尺寸的片状电阻器仅封装就大约占到了元件总成本的60％。对某些在电路板上同一相邻位置使用相同电阻值的设计来说,片状元件阵列可以帮助缓解布局和封装问题。不过,这并不适用于所有厂商。     

Applicability of Pressurized Liquid Extraction for Melamine Analysis in Pet Foods with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection

A pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) method was developed for melamine analysis in pet foods. The PLE method which utilized an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE®) system was also compared with sonication and polytron extraction methods. The parameters for the optimized PLE method were temperature (75?°C for wet pet food, 125?°C for dry pet food), pressure (1,500 psi), static time (10 min), flush volume (40%), purge time (1 min), and number of cycles (1). Recoveries obtained by PLE method were significantly higher (P?≤?0.05) than those of sonication and polytron methods for dry pet food samples. For the analysis of adulterated pet foods, PLE resulted in the highest melamine content followed by sonication and polytron. Using PLE, samples fortified with melamine at 2.5 and 100 mg kg^?1 resulted in recoveries ranging from 55% to 90% for wet samples and from 90% to 116% for dry samples. Low recovery rate from wet samples at low spike level (2.5 mg kg^?1) may have been caused by co-aggregation of polysaccharide and protein with melamine due to low pH during solid-phase extraction cleanup. Limit of detection and limit of quantification values were 0.5 (mg kg^?1) and 1.0 (mg kg^?1) for dry samples. Overall, PLE had the best extraction efficiency compared to sonication and polytron, proving PLE to be a useful tool for melamine analysis of pet foods.     

Quantitative analysis of the cross-linked structure of microgels using fluorescent probes

Properties of polymeric microgels are influenced by the internal polymer cross-linked structure, but tools to quantitatively analyze this internal structure are limited. With the finding that polymer networks alter the diffusivity and subsequent excimer formation of pyrene, this study used the ratio between pyrene excimer and monomer emission to determine the number of cross-links (N) and average pore size (ξ) in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) microgels. A calibration curve to relate pyrene emission to N and ξ in PEGDA hydrogels was prepared and used to calculate N and ξ in PEGDA microgels. The pyrene emission indicated that PEGDA microgels had a higher cross-linking density and a smaller average pore size when compared with bulk cross-linked hydrogels of the same PEGDA concentration. The analytical method demonstrated in this study may be useful for fine-tuning polymeric microgel properties for a broad array of applications.     

Grafting of polystyrene “from” and “through” surface modified titania nanoparticles

We report the surface modification of titania (TiO₂) nanoparticles with azo-based radical initiator and vinyl (acrylate) polymerizable groups. This is achieved through the reaction of the surface hydroxyl groups of the titania with acid halides. Polymer (specifically, polystyrene) was grafted “from” the surface using the azo-modified titania, and “through” the surface of the vinyl-modified surface. Both conventional radical and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerizations were performed. The surface-modified titania and the polystyrene-titania nanocomposites were characterized using IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and gel permeation chromatography.     

Developing decision support tools for the selection of “gentle” remediation approaches

A range of tools have been proposed to support decision making in contaminated land remediation. From a European perspective it is clear, however, that there are considerable national differences in the decision support process, and more generally in the extent to which this process supports the selection of less invasive, alternative remediation options such as phytoremediation, in situ immobilisation etc. (referred to here as “gentle” remediation technologies). In this paper we present results from the recently completed European Union ERANET SNOWMAN project SUMATECS (Sustainable Management of Trace Element Contaminated Sites), and critically review available decision support tools in terms of their fitness for purpose for the application of gentle remediation technologies. Stakeholder feedback indicates a lack of knowledge amongst stakeholders of currently available decision support tools. We propose that decision support which focuses on gentle remediation is more strongly incorporated into existing, well-established (national) decision support tools / decision-frameworks, to promote more widespread use and uptake.     

Behaviour of flush end plate joints to concrete-filled steel tubular columns

This paper presents the results of an experimental program for bolted moment connection joints of circular or square concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) columns, and H-shaped steel beams using high-strength blind bolts. In order to investigate the static performance and failure modes of the blind bolted connection, an experimental program was conducted involving four sub-assemblages of cruciform beam-to-column joints subjected to monotonic loading. Moment-rotation relationships of the tested connections were obtained and their performance was evaluated in terms of their stiffness, moment capacities and ductility. The test parameters varied were the column section type and the thickness of the end plate. The results showed that the proposed blind bolted connection, which behaves in a semi-rigid and partial strength manner according to the EC3 specification, displays reasonable strength and stiffness. The rotation capacity of this type of connection to square or circular CFST columns exceeds 70 mrad and this satisfies the ductility requirements for earthquake-resistance in most aseismic regions. The blind bolted connection is shown to be a reliable and effective solution for moment-resisting composite frame structures.     

Absorbed dose measurements of a handheld 50 kVP X-ray source in water with thermoluminescence dosemeters

Absorbed dose rate measurements of a 50 kV(p) handheld X-ray probe source in a water phantom are described. The X-ray generator is capable of currents of up to 40 microA, and is designed for cranial brachytherapy and intraoperative applications with applicators. The measurements were performed in a computer-controlled water phantom in which both the source and the detectors are mounted. Two different LiF thermoluminescence dosemeter (TLD) phosphors were employed for the measurements, MTS-N (LiF:Mg,Ti) and MCP-N (LiF:Mg,Cu,P). Two small ionisation chambers (0.02 and 0.0053 cm(3)) were also employed. The TLDs and chambers were positioned in watertight mounts made of water-equivalent plastic. The chambers were calibrated in terms of air-kerma rate, and conventional protocols were used to convert the measurements to absorbed dose rate. The TLDs were calibrated at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in terms of absorbed dose rate using a (60)Co teletherapy beam and narrow-spectrum X-ray beams. For the latter, absorbed dose was inferred from air-kerma rate using calculated air-kerma-to-dose conversion factors. The reference points of the various detectors were taken as the center of the TLD volumes and the entrance windows of the ionisation chambers. Measurements were made at distances of 3-45 mm from the detector reference point to the source center. In addition, energy dependence of response measurements of the TLDs used was made using NIST reference narrow spectrum X-ray beams. Measurement results showed reasonable agreement in absorbed dose rate determined from the energy dependence corrected TLD readings and from the ionisation chambers. Volume averaging effects of the TLDs at very close distances to the source were also evident.     

用于照明设备的高亮度LED驱动

随着高亮度(HB)LED效率的不断提高,即流明/瓦特(Lm/W)比的增加,越来越多的照明应用开始选择高亮度LED,例如汽车的外灯(日间行车灯,近光灯、远光灯)和普通照明设备等。LED生产厂家最近推出的高亮度LED的效率已经超过80Lm/W。因此,在照明设备中可以利用LED替换传统的卤素灯,例如MR16聚光灯。从传统的卤素灯过渡到高亮度LED可以大大降低功耗,