Immobilisierte Enzyme – Kinetik,Wirkungsgrad und Anwendung

Immobilized enzymes – kinetics, efficiency, and applications. Immobilized enzymes represent an important class of catalysts. They are used in many industrial processes, some of which are economically significant. The introduction of other new processes is to be expected, and some examples are briefly described. Certain conditions have to be satisfied for their practical application. They can be summarized in a set of characteristic parameters or properties. The principal properties of a biocatalyst include its kinetics and its efficiency. Both of these are discussed at length. Possible catalyst designs permitting improvement of efficiency with mass transfer limitation are described.     

Diagnostic testing for Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes: response

Between 1992 and 1997, every year, approximately 30,000 examinations of the liver and bile ducts were done. Addition of colour Doppler imaging improves safety of procedures and allowed to perform ultrasound guided biopsy in 73 patients. On the basis of our experience we state that colour Doppler sonography guided percutaneous fine needle biopsy of the liver is useful, sufficient and safety diagnostic method of abscesses, cysts and malignant tumours of the liver.     

Workshop Report: Modeling the Molecular Mechanism of Bacterial Spore Germination and Elucidating Reasons for Germination Heterogeneity

ABSTRACT:  Over the course of 2 days, top researchers in the fields of bacterial spore biology and computational biology discussed approaches to determine the cause of spore germination heterogeneity. Biological and mathematical data gaps were identified, and experimental approaches and computational strategies for modeling spore germination were presented and evaluated. As a result of these interactions, future research directions were defined, the outcome of which should result in a robust model to help define the molecular mechanism(s) of spore germination. Mechanistic understanding of germination will be instrumental for developing novel sterilization, treatment, and decontamination strategies to mitigate threats posed by spores.     

Economist challenges Albee's conclusions.

Responds to 3 issues in G. W. Albee's (see record 1977-29846-001) paper on hedonism in society: the relation between protestantism and economic development, the downfall of the Protestant ethic due to hedonistic consumers, and the rise of capitalism and the repression of sex. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Die zweidimensionale Stromverdrängung in einer wechselstromdurchflossenen,trapezförmigen Nut

Übersicht Es wird in dieser Arbeit die Stromverteilung in einem hinreichend langen, metallischen Stab von trapezförmigem Querschnitt berechnet, der von einem Wechselstrom durchflossen wird und bis auf einen schmalen, von einem magnetischen Wechselfeld erfüllten Luftschlitz von allen Seiten ohne merklichen Luftzwischenraum und isoliert in eine unendlich permeable, metallische Hülle eingebettet liegt. Der Umriß des Leiters mit dem trapezförmigen Querschnitt besteht aus zwei gegenüberliegenden, gleich langen, auseinander-strebenden Geradenstücken, deren Endpunkt oben und unten durch konzentrische Kreisbogen verbunden sind. Die maßgebende partielle Differentialgleichung für die FeldkomponenteE _z (, ) in Richtungz der Längsstreckung eines solchen Nutenleiters entspricht dann der ebenen Wellengleichugn in Zylinderkoordinaten.Nicht streng erfaßbar ist bei Anwendung dieser Methode geradeso wie in den beiden anderen bereits durchgerechneten Fällen, wo es sich um einen rechteckigen oder kreisförmigen Nutenquerschnitt handelt, der Einfluß der Öffnungsweite des Nutenschlitzes in der Oberfläche des Nutenleiters. Ist er hinreichend schmal, so kann die Verteilung der maßgebenden magnetischen Feldkomponente als gleichmäßig angesehen werden. Bei genaueren Rechnungen müßte man über die Fourierkomponenten des Feldes der magnetischen Induktion im Nutenschlitz Bescheid wissen. Diese Annahme wird in der Arbeit gemacht.

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Summary In this paper is reported on the distribution of an alternating current over the trapezoid crosssection of a metallic and sufficiently long conductor, who ist embedded in an infinitely permeable envelop up to a narrow air slit containing an alternating magnetic field, the feeler of the airgapfield between stator and rotor. The contour of the conductor with the trapezoid cross-section is composed here of two equally long opposite but divergent straight lines. The endpoints of which on the two ends are connected by two concentric circular arcs. The decisive partial differential equation for the field componentE _z (, ) in the direction of the conductor corresponds to the two dimensional wave equation in cylinder coordinates.As in the two other cases which are already counted over conformal with this method, namely in the cases of the rectangular and circular cross-section, the influence of the width of the slit is not exactly to realise. In cases which call for more excit calculations, it would be necessary to have knowledge of the Fourier-components of the magnetic induction in the slits of the grooves.

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Übersicht der Abkürzungen und der mathematischen Zeichen E die elektrische Feldstärke in V/m als Betrag des Vektors , - H die magnetische Feldstärke in A/m als Betrag des Vektors , - B die magnetische Induktion oder die Flußdichte in Vs/m² als Betrag von , - ₀ die magnetische Feldkonstante von der Größe 4·10^–9 H/m, die elektrische Leitfähigkeit des Nutenleiters in S/m - =2f die Kreisfrequenz in 1/s - d=(2/₀)^1/2 das Eindringmaß in m - die imaginäre Einheit - eine besondere komplexe Konstante mit der Dimension 1/m - 2 die totale Winkelbreite des keilförmigen Nutenleiters - , ,z die drei Zylinderkoordinaten mit [, ,z] in m - _i , _a die Radien der oberen und unteren Begrenzungskreisbögen des Nutenquerschnitts von Bild 1 in m - 2 der doppelte öffnungswinkel zwischen den Zahnflanken - I (h )K _r (h ) die beiden modifizierten Zylinderfunktionen mit dem Parameter - die beiden, in ihren Richtungen von abhängenden Einheitsvektoren im Zylinderkoordinatensystem - der dritte, stets parallel zurz-Achse gerichtete Einheitsvektor - D _n die Koeffizienten in der maßgebenden Fourier-Entwicklung vonB (, ) in Gl. 2(9) mit der Dimension Vs/m (n=0, 1, 2 ...), - e ^jt das Gesetz der zeitlichen Strom- und Feldänderungen Mit 4 Textabbildungen     

Silicon strip detectors with capacitive charge division

Measurements of the behaviour of various high-resolution silicon strip detectors with capacitive charge division have been made in a high-energy particle beam. The results are compared with an electrostatic model which calculates the charges deposited on the strips after the passage of a minimum ionizing particle. Good agreement is found and the model is used to propose a method of improving the charge-division properties of such detectors.     

Marangoni convection in a rectangular container

If the free liquid-gas interface of a liquid in a rectangular Container is subjected to a temperature gra-dient the shear stress on the free liquid surface being temperature dependent transmits by viscous traction a thermo-capillary convection into the bulk of the liquid. For constant temperature T ₁ at one wall and T ₂ at the other a steady Marangoni convection takes place while for time-oscillatory temperatures of the walls a time-dependent thermo-capillary convection appears, which will create wave patterns on the free liquid surface. They shall, depending on the forcing frequency of the temperature, exhibit resonance peaks. The velocity distribution, the response magnitude inside the Container, the forced free surface displacement and the influence of the Prandtl number have been investigated.

     

En route to a harmony of being: Viewing aloneness as a need in development and child analytic work.

The construct aloneness, proposed as a basic-level human need, parallel to and of the same valency as attachment, is viewed in the process of development over the life span. It is suggested that focus on attachment and object relations has kept the regulatory function of detachment, and thus aloneness, in partial eclipse. Borrowing from the discourse of psycholinguistics, the authors view aloneness as the unmarked member of a pair of antonyms, aloneness/loneliness, rather than as the marked member of the pair, attached/alone. The contributions of psychoanalysts across models and infant researchers are recalled in the service of tracing the presence of an aloneness need. Examples from psychoanalytic child treatments are offered to illustrate the juxtaposition of aloneness and attachment in analytic discourse at successive developmental stages. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)