美国UCC公司项目实施八段法

国外工程公司的项目实施工作法是科技发展和经济发展的产物。公司为谋求生存和发展,必须采取先进的技术和科学管理,同时获得适当的利润回报。本文介绍美国UCC公司的项目工作八段法。     

3 cases of post-stapedectomy labyrinthine fistula

Three cases are presented of labyrinthine fistula which suddenly arose in patients who had undergone stapedectomy interposing a vein graft from the back of the hand. These patients had all enjoyed 12-15 years apparently problem free period before the fistula occurred. In all three cases the fistula was accompanied by objective dizziness and varying degrees of sensorineural or mixed hearing loss. The patients underwent revision surgery which identified the fistula and the endolymph oozing out of the graft from the previously installed prosthesis. The authors present the cases, describe how the symptoms arose and the results obtained with revision surgery. Finally, they discuss the need to first perform stapedotomy with a platinar hole; they indicate that the number of cases of total or partial stapedectomy should be limited only to those cases characterized by anatomical variations and/or whenever complications arise during surgery.     

Design of fault-tolerant ATM switch based on parallel architecture

A fault-tolerant ATM switch comprising a distribution network and several routing networks in parallel is proposed. As the distribution network carries out part of the routing process, the routing networks are truncated, giving low overall complexity. A performance evaluation of the switch is presented. The switch outperforms replicated networks but requires lower complexity     

Dopamine and the regulation of cell proliferation in gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) pyloric mucosa

The epithelium of the digestive system mucosa consists of a highly dynamic cell population. The conditions under which mitotic activity in the gastrointestinal epithelium is regulated is as yet poorly understood. Nevertheless, it is assumed that some biogenic amines might be involved. Having demonstrated that dopaminergic cells occur in the stomach of gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), in the present study we examined the influence of dopamine antagonist haloperidol on the proliferation of epithelial cells in the mucosa of the stomach. Proliferating cells were detected immunocytochemically and quantified after in-vivo labeling with 5-bromo-2'-desoxyuridine in both haloperidol- and saline-treated animals. The results show that acute doses of haloperidol significantly increases the proliferation rate in the pyloric mucosa, suggesting that dopamine plays a probable modulatory role in the regulation of mitotic activity. These findings are discussed with regard to the role of paraneurons in regulating epithelial mitosis.     

Infrequent association: massive inguinoscrotal bladder hernia, multiple scrotal lithiasis, and bilateral obstructive uropathy]

BACKGROUND AND AIMS OF THE STUDY: Surgical treatment of functional tricuspid regurgitation associated with advanced valvular disease remains controversial, mainly due to the difficulty in choosing between valve replacement or reconstructive surgery. Failure to correct tricuspid regurgitation during valvular surgery carries a poor prognosis, as reoperation may represent a significant risk to the patient. Thus correct tricuspid valve surgery is vital to achieve improved early and long-term clinical results. METHODS: A total of 142 patients underwent concomitant tricuspid annuloplasty with mitral valve replacement and their clinical outcome was assessed. RESULTS: Overall hospital mortality rate was 11.3%. Seven patients died during follow up. The overall actuarial survival rate for 10 years was 74.1 +/- 14.2%. Postoperatively, 75.8% of the patients had no residual tricuspid insufficiency, while 24.2% had first- or second-degree tricuspid insufficiency and were treated medically. All patients were in NHYA functional class I or II postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Clinically, it is important to assess the severity of functional tricuspid insufficiency before and/or during the operation. Bicuspidalization annuloplasty for functional tricuspid insufficiency has provided good results, with a low incidence of reoperation and significant clinical improvement. The technique could be used in most patients with functional tricuspid regurgitation.     

Formulating questions and locating primary studies for inclusion in systematic reviews

Much time and effort are spent on designing primary research studies. Similar care must be given to planning systematic reviews. The review should be based on an important, well-focused question that is relevant to patient care. By formulating the question properly, the criteria that primary studies must meet to be included in the review become clear. These criteria, which comprise the types of persons involved, exposure, control group, outcomes, and study designs of interest, can then be refined so that they are clinically relevant, sensible, and workable. Inclusion criteria that are too narrow will limit the amount of data in the review, thereby increasing the risk for chance results and making the review less useful for the reader. Reviews should include studies whose designs offer the least biased answer to the question being asked. To maximize available data and reduce the risk for bias, as many relevant studies as possible need to be identified, regardless of publication status or language. Multiple overlapping search strategies should therefore be used and must be carefully planned. Strategies include searching the many electronic databases available (after careful consideration of which terms to enter), manually searching journals and conference proceedings, searching bibliographies of articles, searching existing registers of studies, and contacting companies or researchers. The time taken to formulate the question adequately and develop appropriate searches will increase the chance of producing a high-quality, meaningful review.     

Biochemical alterations of the tunica albuginea in impotence

PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to quantify the immunohistochemical stainings of collagen types I, III and IV, and investigate the value of glycohistochemical staining with 3 lectin types specific to a particular glycan structure, Arachis hypogaea, Triticum vulgare and concanavalin A, as a method of defining possible changes in the collagen structure of the tunica albuginea in potent and impotent patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 4 normal men, 4 with pure venous leakage and 4 with pure arterial disease. Collagen types I, III and IV, and lectins Arachis hypogaea, Triticum vulgare and concanavalin A were studied using a cell image processor. The labeling index relates to the percentage of staining and mean optical density relates to the staining intensity. RESULTS: Mean labeling index values for the 3 types of collagen and lectins were similar (p > 0.05). Mean optical density value relating to collagen type I was significantly higher in the arteriogenic group than in the other groups (p < 0.05), while mean optical density value of collagen type IV was significantly higher in the venogenic group than in the 2 other groups (p < 0.05). Mean optical density values relating to the 3 lectin types were similar in the 3 clinical groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: An alteration in the distribution and structure of the various collagen types and lectins in the tunica albuginea of impotent patients has been shown that may interfere with normal function and lead to impotence.