A fuzzy expert system application to the evaluation of ceramic- and paper-quality kaolin

This paper describes the results obtained from the application of a fuzzy expert system to the zonification of a deposit in terms of kaolin of a quality suitable for the paper and ceramic industries. In the first stage of the study, mineralogical, chemical and paper quality indices were characterized for samples taken from a kaolin deposit located in Galicia in NW Spain. In the second part of the study the expert system was trained and adjusted on the basis of analytical data, and its reliability in classifying samples in different quality groups was tested.Data analysis and the design and training of a fuzzy-logic expert system furnish the tool not only with general information inherent to kaolin mining but also with an input in the form of the local characteristics of the studied deposit. This method enables mining experts to identify the areas of a deposit containing kaolin that meets the criteria necessary for enrichment and subsequent use in the ceramic or paper industry. This kind of tool is not only indispensable in planning extraction tasks, but also permits technical and financial risk to be minimized. The model is innovative in that it automatically classified kaolin quality in terms of saleability, thereby emulating the logical reasoning processes of the human expert.     

Formation of Al-Ni master alloys using nickel anode

Nickel anode was investigated as a potential anode of aluminium electrowinning for preparation of Al-Ni master alloys. The electrolysis tests were carried out in Na3AlF6-Al2O3 based melts at 940℃. The results show that the cell voltage during electrolysis has only minor instability, and there exists NiO phase in electrolyte after 0.5 h electrolysis. Ni content in A1-Ni master alloys increases with increasing the electrolysis time. Concentration limit of Ni in Al-Ni master alloys can be up to 33.8% （mass fraction）. However, substantial corrosion of the Ni-metal substrate is observed, and the oxide scale on the nickel anode after electrolysis is porous and loose that does not prevent corrosion of the substrate.     

Cyclamate intake and cyclohexylamine excretion are not related to male fertility in humans

Cyclamate and its metabolite cyclohexylamine affect male fertility in high dose animal studies, but this affect has not been investigated in epidemiological studies. This paper reports the first epidemiological study designed to investigate the possibility of a relationship between cyclamate and cyclohexylamine and male fertility in humans, in which 405 cases of clinically defined infertility in men and 379 controls were surveyed. Semen evaluation, urine analysis for cyclamate and cyclohexylamine and dietary questionnaires were compared between cases and controls. No evidence was found of a significant association between cyclamate intake and male infertility; neither high cyclamate nor high cyclohexylamine excretion were associated with elevated risk. The lack of association remained after adjusting by age, area of residence, education, total energy intake and other variables. No significant correlations were observed between cyclamate intake, metabolism or excretion, and sperm count and motility. The results demonstrate no effect of cyclamate or cyclohexylamine on male fertility at the present levels of cyclamate consumption.     

我公司污染治理经验浅谈

介绍了我公司在石灰工序粉尘污染治理的基础上,通过以点带面不断推进公司清洁生产的实践,取得了显著的环境效益、经济效益和社会效益。     

Potential Modulated Attenuated Total Reflectance Spectroscopy of Prussian Blue Films on ITO

Potential modulated attenuated total reflectance (PM-ATR) spectroscopy has been employed to study charge transfer processes in Prussian blue (PB) films deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. PM-ATR is a planar waveguide-based spectroelectrochemical technique in which the optical response of an electroactive film is measured as a function of applied potential and modulation frequency. The multiple internal reflection geometry of PM-ATR provides a significant sensitivity advantage over the single external reflectance geometry that has been employed in most prior electroreflectance studies. The apparent electron transfer rate of PB on ITO obtained using PM-ATR was compared to that obtained with conventional cyclic voltammetry; the respective rates, 0.33 ± 0.15 s⁻¹ (n = 3) and 0.71 ± 0.37 s⁻¹ (n = 10), are in good agreement.     

论邓小平发展科学技术的创新思想

全面地阐述了邓小平关于发展科学技术的思想.从发展科学技术的重要性与发展科学技术的方法、目标、前提、核心等方面,将邓小平关于我国发展科学技术的论述,概括为科的论述,概括为科技关键论、引进吸收创新论、科技前沿论、教育基础论和人才为本论.     

基于TCP／IP协议的网络教学系统设计

通过对高校网络教学现状的调查与分析，提出了总体的设计目标以及设计方案，包括系统运行环境以及系统展现内容．系统采用C／S模式，通过主机与客户机发送数据包，利用网络包截获的相应技术以及包过滤等策略，对特定的数据包进行分析，将各类协议首部用的二进制代码展现，可更直观的看到网络传输的具体方式，同时可将二进制代码转换为十进制，使系统具有更强的可视性．     

Sleep-induced breathing instability. University of Wisconsin-Madison Sleep and respiration Research Group

We present a view of the neuromechanical regulation of breathing and causes of breathing instability during sleep. First, we would expect transient increases in upper airway resistance to be a major cause of transient hypopnea. This occurs in sleep because a hypotonic upper airway is more susceptible to narrowing and because the immediate excitatory increase in respiratory motor output in response to increased loads is absent in non-REM sleep. Secondly, sleep predisposes to an increased occurrence of ventilatory "overshoots", in part because abruptly changing sleep states cause transient changes in upper airway resistance and in the gain of the respiratory controller. Following these ventilatory overshoots, breathing stability will be maintained if excitatory short-term potentiation is the prevailing influence. On the other hand, apnea and hypopnea will occur if inhibitory mechanisms dominate following the ventilatory overshoot. These inhibitory mechanisms include: a) hypocapnia-if transient, will inhibit carotid chemoreceptors and cause hypopnea, but if prolonged will inhibit medullary chemoreceptors and cause apnea; b) a persistent inhibitory effect from lung stretch; c) baroreceptor stimulation, from a transient rise in systemic blood pressure immediately following termination of apnea or hypopnea may partially suppress the accompanying hyperpnea; d) depression of central respiratory motor output via prolonged brain hypoxia. Once apneas are initiated, reinitiation of inspiration is delayed even though excitatory stimuli have risen well above their apneic thresholds, and these prolonged apneas are commonly accompanied by tonic EMG activation of expiratory muscles of the chest wall and upper airway.     

Is age irrelevant? Perceptions of young and old adult eyewitnesses

In Experiment 1, we videotaped elderly and younger adults (n = 69) reporting their memories of a crime video. The seniors were significantly less accurate than the younger adults. In Experiment 2, participants viewed the "testimony" videotapes and rated the elderly as less credible than the younger adults. In Experiment 3, participant-jurors (n = 302) evaluated transcribed testimonies provided by Experiment 1 participants. The ostensible age of the witnesses was manipulated. Thus, some participants read a senior's testimony believing it was provided by a younger adult and vice versa. Participants were apparently not biased by negative stereotypes of seniors' eyewitness capabilities.