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31.
The purpose of this study was to explore the glycemic control and influencing factors in outpatients newly diagnosed with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). By purposeful sampling, data were collected from 130 outpatients with NIDDM at one medical center in Kaohsiung. The results indicated: (1) the mean value for HbA1C was 7.12%; and 63.1% of the patients belonged to moderate to well controlled group; (2) male patient's HbA1C value was significantly lower than female patient's; patients with no religious belief also had a lower HbA1C value than patients with a religious background; (3) there were strongly negative correlations between self-care behaviors, social support, and self-efficacy and HbA1C; (4) using a multiple stepwise regression analysis, religious belief and self-care behaviors were found to explain 10.9% variance of HbA1C level. The results of this study could be used as a reference for diabetes health education program.  相似文献   
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We conducted a multiyear study in two phases to determine preweaning performance traits of Senepol (S x S), Hereford (H x H), and reciprocal (S x H and H x S) F1 crossbred calves and feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of steers. In Phase I, from 1985 to 1989, data from S x S (n = 194), H x H (n = 383), and S x H (n = 120) calves were used. Numbers of S x S cows were increased during Phase I so that data from H x S (n = 74) calves could be included in Phase II (1990 to 1992) in addition to S x S (n = 118), H x H (n = 130), and S x H (n = 56) calves. Also during Phase II, feedlot performance and carcass characteristics were determined for S x S (n = 30), H x H (n = 26), H x S (n = 36), and S x H (n = 26) steers. In Phase I, S x S calves had heavier (P < .01) birth weights and heavier (P < .01) 205-d adjusted weaning weights than H x H calves. Birth weights of S x H calves were heavier (P < .01) than the mean of the purebred calves, but 205-d adjusted weaning weights did not differ (P > .10). In phase II, direct heterosis was 3.5% for birth weight (P < .05) and 5.1% for 205-d adjusted weaning weight (P < .01). Senepol maternal breed effects were 1.9 kg for birth weight (P < .10) and 37.9 kg for 205-d adjusted weaning weight (P < .01). Levels of direct heterosis, Senepol maternal breed effects, and Hereford direct breed effects were significant for most feedlot performance traits of steer calves that were fed to a common end point. Breeds did not differ (P > .10) for USDA yield and quality grades, and direct heterosis was not significant for Warner-Bratzler shear force. These results demonstrate significant levels of heterosis in preweaning performance between S x S and H x H calves and in feedlot performance of steers. Levels of heterosis were smaller and nonsignificant for most carcass traits including meat tenderness, which did not differ between S x S and H x H steers in this study.  相似文献   
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The reversed-phase HPLC separation of fluorescent o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) derivatives has been applied to the assay of hepatic gamma-glutamylcysteine and glutathione (GSH) levels and the enzymes producing these peptides. The method has been compared to the assay using monobromobimane (MB) as the derivatizing agent. The OPA method has the advantage of faster derivatization, the lack of need to adjust the pH, isocratic separation and selectivity for GSH and gamma-glutamylcysteine. The MB method requires pH adjustment following derivatization and gradient elution chromatography. MB is also non-selective, yielding fluorescent derivatives of all biological thiols and more interfering peaks on the chromatogram. MB-based analyses are also approximately sixty times more expensive per sample. MB yields fluorescent degradation products on exposure to light. OPA adducts are stable for up to ten days when stored at -20 degrees C. OPA detection is sensitive to 12.5 pmol in the sample, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 2.5. The two methods correlate well. Hepatic gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase in the same liver preparation was found to be 4.85 +/- 0.47 nmol min-1 mg-1 protein by the OPA method and 4.42 +/- 0.52 nmol min-1 mg-1 protein by the MB method. GSH concentrations were found to be 90.4 +/- 6.5 nmol/mg protein for the OPA method and 92.5 +/- 3.4 for the MB method.  相似文献   
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Relationship between mutagenic activity of drinking water and incidence of liver cancer was studied in Fusui County with micronucleus technique in the root tips of vicia faba. Results showed there existed substance that caused chromosome aberration in the drinking pond water of Fusui County. Micronucleus effects on the root tips of vicia faba induced by the substance in different kinds of drinking water coincided with the incidence of liver cancer (r = 0.86, P < 0.05). It suggested the existence of these chemical mutants in the water may be one of the important factors that caused high incidence of liver cancer. It provided experimental evidence for the etiological theory of liver cancer caused by the pollution of drinking water.  相似文献   
36.
Central temperature is usually tightly regulated in human beings. Anesthesia alters the normal thermoregulatory controls of the body. Intraoperatively, mild degrees of hypothermia may provide some cerebral protection. However, the risk of organ dysfunction and shivering require that the anesthesiologist be prepared to treat severe hypothermia. Appropriate measures such as warning the operating room and using forced air blankets can prevent both intraoperative hypothermia and postoperative shivering. The use of temperature measurement is not limited to the operative and immediate recovery periods. Anesthesiologists practicing in intensive care units and in pain clinics use temperature monitoring as a diagnostic tool in a variety of situations.  相似文献   
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BACKGROUND: Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a proinflammatory cytokine found in abundance in diseased intestine. AIMS: The T cell production of TNF-alpha and the impact of this cytokine on intestinal T cell proliferation, migration, and cytotoxicity were studied. METHODS: Intestinal lymphocytes from normal jejunum were used. TNF-alpha production in culture supernates was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Lymphocyte proliferation was measured using 3H thymidine uptake; migration, using transwell chambers; and cytotoxicity of HT-29 colon cancer cells, using the chromium-51 release assay. RESULTS: TNF-alpha was produced mainly by the CD8+ T cells in the intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and the CD4+ T cells in the lamina propria lymphocytes in response to CD2 stimulation: 478 (94) and 782 (136) pg/ml, respectively. TNF-alpha (1 ng/ml or greater) augmented proliferation of IEL in response to interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-7, or antibody to CD3 due to increased activation that did not involve IL-2 production or receptor generation. Conversely, antibody to TNF-alpha reduced IEL proliferation in response to IL-2 or IL-7. TNF-alpha also induced calcium mobilisation and chemokinesis (by 2.8 (0.5) fold over spontaneous migration). TNF-alpha had no effect on lymphokine activated killer cell activity. CONCLUSIONS: TNF-alpha increases the proliferation and migration of IEL, which may expand their number in the epithelium.  相似文献   
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A cell line that produces an autoantibody specific for DNA quadruplex structures has been isolated and cloned from a hybridoma library derived from 3-month-old nonimmunized autoimmune, immunodeficient "viable motheaten" mice. This antibody has been tested extensively in vitro and found to bind specifically to DNA quadruplex structures formed by two biologically relevant sequence motifs. Scatchard and nonlinear regression analyses using both one- and two-site models were used to derive association constants for the antibody-DNA binding reactions. In both cases, quadruplexes had higher association constants than triplex and duplex molecules. The anti-quadruplex antibody binds to the quadruplex formed by the promoter-region-derived oligonucleotide d(CGCG4GCG) (Ka = 3.3 x 10(6) M-1), and has enhanced affinity for telomere-derived quadruplexes formed by the oligonucleotides d(TG4) and d(T2G4T2G4T2G4T2G4) (Ka = 5.38 x 10(6) and 1.66 x 10(7) M-1, respectively). The antibody binds both types of quadruplexes but has preferential affinity for the parallel four-stranded structure. In vitro radioimmunofilter binding experiments demonstrated that purified anti-DNA quadruplex antibodies from anti-quadruplex antibody-producing tissue culture supernatants have at least 10-fold higher affinity for quadruplexes than for triplex and duplex DNA structures of similar base composition and length. The antibody binds intramolecular DNA triplexes formed by d(G4T3G4T3C4) and d(C4T3G4T3G4), and the duplex d(CGCGCGCGCG)2 with an affinities of 6. 76 x 10(5), 5.59 x 10(5), and 8.26 x 10(5) M-1, respectively. Competition experiments showed that melted quadruplexes are not effective competitors for antibody binding when compared to native structures, confirming that the quadruplex is bound structure-specifically. To our knowledge, this is the first immunological reagent known to specifically recognize quadruplex structures. Subsequent sequence analysis demonstrates homologies between the antibody complementarity determining regions and sequences from Myb family telomere binding proteins, which are hypothesized to control cell aging via telomeric DNA interactions. The presence of this antibody in the autoimmune repertoire suggests a possible linkage between autoimmunity, telomeric DNA binding proteins, and aging.  相似文献   
40.
Synaptic transmission was measured at visualized terminal varicosities of the motor axon providing the sole excitatory innervation of the "opener" muscle in walking legs of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii Girard). Two questions were addressed: 1) How uniform is quantal emission at different locations along terminals innervating a single muscle fiber, and 2) can differences in quantal emission account for the different excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) amplitudes generated by terminals localized in defined regions of the muscle? Extracellular "macropatch" electrodes were placed over individual varicosities, viewed after brief exposure to a fluorescent dye, and synaptic currents were recorded to determine quantal content of transmission. Along terminals supplying a single muscle fiber, nonuniform release was found: Varicosities closer to the point of origin of the terminal branch released more transmitter than those located more distally. Quantal content was higher for varicosities of the muscle's proximal region (where large EPSPs occur) than for varicosities of the central region (where small EPSPs occur). The probability of transmitter release per synapse is estimated to be greater for the proximal varicosities. At low frequencies of stimulation, quantal content per muscle fiber is two to four times larger in the proximal region. Taken in conjunction with a twofold higher mean input resistance for the proximal muscle fibers, the difference in quantal content can account for a four- to eightfold difference in EPSP amplitude. The observed mean EPSP amplitude is at least eight times larger in the proximal region. We discuss factors contributing to differences in EPSP amplitudes.  相似文献   
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