Cost of management of patients with haemophilia

The cost of managing 114 adult haemophiliacs in the west of Scotland was assessed for the period 1 March 1971 to 28 February 1974. Altogether 23 of them (20%) accounted for 80% of the resources used. The cost of hospital treatment of these patients during the period was compared with the predicted cost of home treatment, given the availability of freeze-dried factor VIII concentrate in sufficient amounts. We calculate that adequate on-demand home treatment would cost only 16% more than the present treatment, which is substantially less efficient.     

Further studies on the role of the adrenal hormones in responses of rats to meal-feeding

The importance of the adrenal hormones in the lipogenic responses to meal-feeding or starvation-refeeding was studied. In experiment 1, intact or adrenalectomized (ADX) rats were either ad libitum-fed or meal-fed a 65% glucose diet for 21 days or until moribund (ADX rats only). Serum glucose and electrolytes (Ca++, Mg++, Na+, K+), hepatic glycogen and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and malic enzyme (ME) were determined. ADX rats died within 10 days after the initiation of meal-feeding and were hypoglycemic with low liver glycogen levels and low enzyme activities. No differences in serum electrolytes were observed. In the second experiment, ADX and intact rats of varying initial weights were weight paired and meal-fed. When the ADX rat died, his intact control was killed and both carcasses assayed for fat content. Heavier rats with presumably more carcass fat survived meal-feeding longer than the lighter rats. Rats died when they had lost all but 2 to 3 g carcass lipid. In experiments 3 and 4, ADX and intact rats were subjected to starvation-refeeding. In experiment 4, additional ADX groups were given supplemental doses of cortisol (0.75 mg/kg, subcutaneous, 2 times daily) during either the starvation period, the refeeding period or during both periods. The activities of hepatic G6PD and ME were determined as well as the levels of liver lipid in experiment 4. Intact starved-refed rats had the usual enzyme overshoot, whereas ADX starved-refed rats did not. Cortisol-treated ADX starved-refed rats had as great an enzyme overshoot as the intact rats and as great an increase in liver lipid. These results suggest that ADX rats die when meal-fed the glucose diet, because they are unable to store sufficient metabolic fuel for use during the starvation phase of the meal-feeding cycle. Further, the results show that glucocorticoids are required for the induction of de novo enzyme synthesis.     

Phasengleichgewichte des Schnittes FeOn–CaO im Dreistoffsystem FeO–Fe2O3–CaO bei Eisensättigung

Überprüfung der Schmelzgleichgewichte des Dreistoffsystems FeO–Fe₂O₃–CaO auf der wüstitreichen, eisengesättigten Seite des Systems. Angaben über die Ergebnisse der thermischen Analysen, isothermen Halteversuche und mikroskopischen Untersuchungen. Aussagen über den quasibinären Schnitt Eisen-Kalkferrit bei Temperaturen unter 1150 °C sowie über den quasibinären Schnitt Calciowüstit-Kalk über 1150 °C.     

Zustandsschaubilder und Reduktionsgleichgewichte des Dreistoffsystems Fe-Fe2O3-CaO zwischen 550 und 1070 °C

Darstellung und Erörterung isothermer Zustandsschaubilder des Feststoffsystems Fe–Fe₂O₃–CaO bei elf charakteristischen Temperaturen. Angabe der CO₂/CO- und H₂O/H₂-Verhältnisse sowie der Sauerstoffdrücke der zugehörigen Gasphase. Entwurf von Zusammensetzung-Temperatur-Schaubildern bei der Reduktion von Fe₂O₃-CaO-Mischungen sowie des Zustandsschaubildes ?FeO?–CaO bei Eisensättigung und der Sättigungsflächen des kalkhaltigen Wüstits.     

Zur Verzunderung von unlegiertem Stahl

Kritische Erörterung des Schrifttums über die Verzunderung von Eisen und Stahl. Verzunderungsversuche an unlegierten Stählen mit unterschiedlichen Kohlenstoffgehalten in Sauerstoff. Messung von Kohlenstoffabgabe und Massenveränderung der Probe sowie Ermittlung der Kohlenstoffverteilung an den verzunderten Proben durch chemische Analyse zur Beschreibung der Entkohlung und inneren Oxydation. Ermittlung der Siliciumverteilung in Oberflächennähe mit einer Elektronenstrahlmikrosonde zum Erfassen einer dem Sauerstoffstrom gegenläufigen Siliciumdiffusion.     

Structural features of arabinoxylans from Sonalika variety of wheat: comparison between whole wheat flour and wheat bran

Arabinoxylans (AX) were extracted from Sonalika variety of wheat (whole wheat flour and wheat bran) with barium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide and purified by a combination of alcohol precipitation and glucoamylase digestion. Structural features of purified AX were elucidated by methylation analysis, ¹³C NMR, FT‐IR, periodate oxidation and optical rotation measurements. The AX showed a backbone of xylose residues with β(1–4) linkages and were branched mainly through O‐3 of xylose residues. Completely branched xylosyl residues were also present. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

Molecular regulation of UVB-induced cutaneous angiogenesis

We determined whether cutaneous angiogenesis induced by exposure of mice to ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation is associated with an imbalance between positive and negative angiogenesis-regulating molecules. Unshaved C3H/HeN mice were exposed to a single dose (15 kJ per m2) of UVB. At various times, the mice were killed, and their external ears were processed for routine histology and immunohistochemistry. Antibodies against proliferating cell nuclear antigen and bromodeoxyuridine identified dividing cells. Antibodies against CD31/ PECAM-1 identified endothelial cells, and antibodies against basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor, and interferon-beta (IFN-beta) identified angiogenesis-regulating molecules. Epidermal hyperplasia was documented by 48 h and reached a maximum on day 7 after exposure to UVB. The expression of bFGF increased by 24 h, whereas the expression of IFN-beta decreased by 72 h after exposure to UVB. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor increased slightly after irradiation. The altered balance between bFGF and IFN-beta was associated with increased endothelial cell proliferation (bromodeoxyuridine + CD31 + cells) within existing blood vessels, leading to telangiectasia and new blood vessels. UV-induced epidermal hyperplasia and cutaneous angiogenesis were highest in IFN-alpha/beta receptor knockout mice. These results demonstrate that in response to UVB radiation, dividing keratinocytes produce a positive angiogenic molecule (bFGF) but not a negative angiogenic molecule (IFN-beta), and that this altered balance is associated with enhanced cutaneous angiogenesis.