Subbottom Acoustic Impedance Profiles from Magnitude And Phase Analysis of Echoes

A method for analyzing subbottom echoes is presented using both magnitude and phase analysis. Previous analysis have used only the magnitude of the signal as definitive phase information was not available as the targets insonated were always smaller than the beam size [7], [8]. However, more than half the information is contained in the phase of the signal, which can be obtained from high resolution pencil-point beams. These techniques which have been extensively used in radio and radar sounding of the ionosphere have been applied in this paper in the analysis of sonar sounding of a lake subbottom.     

Enhancement by hyperthermia of the in vitro cytotoxicity of mitomycin C toward hypoxic tumor cells

Mitomycin C and hyperthermia are both toxic to chronically hypoxic EMT6 tumor cells. Combinations of this drug and heat were tested in vitro in normally aerated and chronically hypoxic EMT6 mouse mammary tumor cells to establish whether greater than additive cytotoxicity could be achieved by combined treatment. Cell survival was measured at four concentrations of mitomycin C (0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 10 microM) at 37 degrees or at elevated temperatures (41, 42, and 43 degrees) for durations of 1, 2, 3, and 6 hr. At 42 degrees, exposure to mitomycin C for 3 and 6 hr produced a 2- to 3-fold increase in hypoxic tumor cell kill at all drug concentrations over that expected for strict additivity. A 15-fold enhancement in the kill of hypoxic tumor cells was obtained at 1.0 and 10 microM mitomycin C at 43 degrees for 6 hr of exposure. Under most conditions, additivity was observed for the antibiotic and heat in oxygenated cells, except at 43 degrees with 0.01 and 0.1 microM mitomycin C following 3 and 6 hr of treatment, conditions under which a 5- to 10-fold potentiation of tumor cell kill was obtained. The rate of formation of reactive metabolites from mitomycin C under anaerobic conditions in EMT6 cell-free preparations was measured. A 30 to 50% increase in alkylating activity was observed at elevated temperatures, suggesting that the enhanced cytotoxicity of mitomycin C with heat toward hypoxic cells may, in part, be due to an increase in activation of the drug.     

Cost of management of patients with haemophilia

The cost of managing 114 adult haemophiliacs in the west of Scotland was assessed for the period 1 March 1971 to 28 February 1974. Altogether 23 of them (20%) accounted for 80% of the resources used. The cost of hospital treatment of these patients during the period was compared with the predicted cost of home treatment, given the availability of freeze-dried factor VIII concentrate in sufficient amounts. We calculate that adequate on-demand home treatment would cost only 16% more than the present treatment, which is substantially less efficient.     

Nuclear distribution in Alternaria tenuis

Renal functional abnormalities constituting the syndrome of postobstructive diuresis imply both altered tubular and glomerular membrane properties. To determine the morphologic and ultrastructural correlates of this disorder a rat model was developed and 32 postobstructed kidneys were studied by light and electron microscopy at the midpoint of diuresis and compared to 22 controls. The abnormal morphology was: dilated distal tubules and collecting ducts, isolated proximal and distal tubule cells that allowed free access of luminal contents to the basement membrane, widened terminal bars and intercellular spaces, thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and, depending upon the portion of nephron, normal or reduced adenosine triphosphatase and acid phosphatase content. In order to confirm the functional nature of the nephrons studied as well as to assess glomerular and tubular permeability, horseradish peroxidase and cytochrome c were infused. These tracers, normally permeable to the glomerular basement membrane, were found in the intercellular spaces and to a lesser extent within cell organelles in the postobstructed diuretic animals whereas controls demonstrated a retarded filtration of horseradish peroxidase, no tracer in the intercellular spaces and large amounts of tracer contained within cell organelles. Absence of enzyme activity in the medulla and reduced dark to light cell ratios in the cortical collecting ducts correlated with prior observations made by others of diminished concentration and acidification processes, respectively. An increase in adenosine triphosphatase activity and renin granules within the juxtaglomerular cells indicated increased renin activity. These observations suggest that the renal functional abnormalities of postobstructive diuresis are attributable to altered glomerular and tubular permeabilities as well as with changes in metabolic activity.     

Review of The Transmission of Schizophrenia.

Reviews the book, The Transmission of Schizophrenia by David Rosenthal and Seymour Kety (eds.) (1968). It is probably safe to say that this hard cover version of the proceedings of the Second Research Conference of the Foundations' Fund for Research in Psychiatry, Dorado, Puerto Rico, June-July 1967 (originally published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research) is the best introduction to the problem of the schizophrenias extant. It reports the contributions of 34 of the leading experts in the field and succinctly yet thoroughly deals with the genetic, social, cultural, interpersonal and interactional points of view. The reviewer found this to be one of the most stimulating books he has read in recent years. It should be in every university library and could be usefully used as a text in graduate courses dealing with behavior disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Overselectivity, developmental level, and overtraining in autistic and normal children

Thirteen autistic children were compared to 13 normal children matched to them in mental age, on performance of a visual discrimination task. Form, color, and size were relevant and redundant cues. The groups did not differ significantly in mean trials to reach criterion or in breadth of learning, and both groups increased their breadth of learning after 50 trials of overtraining. Form was preferred to color and size by both autistic and normal children. Within each group, rank on mental age was highly correlated with rank in breadth of learning. Verbal and nonverbal autistic children did not differ in breadth of learning or in dimensional preference. Even nonverbal autistics equaled the performance of their normal controls. Our results suggest that overselective attention is better understood as part of a general developmental lag in cognition in autistic children than as a specific deficit underlying psychotic behavior.     

Review of Rorschach with Children.

Reviews the book, Rorschach with Children by Jessie Francis-Williams (1968). Those who have worked with Lady Francis-Williams know her to be an extremely skillful clinician who, in practice, very carefully uses a battery of tests, selected for the particular case, and who weighs the evidence judiciously before making evaluative statements. Therefore, it is with regret that one finds that the present book does not measure up to the standards set by the author in her daily work. More specifically, as is so often the case, nowadays, the chapters bear little relation one to another. It seems, also, that the book reveals contradictory aims. In all, the book is a compilation of mainly useful and interesting case studies (organic, psychotic, deprivation and learning disability syndromes) rounded out by a very good chapter on the use of a test battery in a longitudinal study (Ch. 10) and some very sketchy theoretical and methodological chapters. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)