Mechanisms and Kinetics of Reduction of Solid NiO in CO/CO2 and CO/Ar Gas Mixtures

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Experimental studies have been carried out on the reduction of dense nickel oxide in CO/CO2 and CO/Ar gas mixtures at temperatures between...     

Controlled Solidification of Liquids Within the SFC Primary Phase Field of the “Fe2O3”-CaO-SiO2 System in Air

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - To provide fundamental information on the phases and microstructures formed during sintering, a liquid with a bulk composition within the silico ferrite...     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Facilitating a benign attentional bias reduces negative thought intrusions.

The causal role of biased attention in worry was investigated in an experiment in which high worriers were assigned either to a condition requiring attention to nonthreatening words and text while ignoring worry-related material or to a mixed-attention control condition. The former procedure led to fewer negative thought intrusions in a worry test (as rated by both participants and an assessor) than did the control condition. These findings suggest that attentional bias plays a causal role in worry and that its modification can reduce excessive worry. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Optical Spectroscopy of Inorganic Solids

Abstract

The inhomogeneity of thin films of ZrO₂ and TiO₂ was reduced by ion beam bombardment with mixed argon and oxygen as a working gas during deposition. The inhomogeneities of the films were calculated from transmission monitoring curves. The optimum ion beam voltage and ion beam current density are 900 V and 12 μA cm^?2 for TiO₂ film.     

Evolution of supramolecular healable composites: a minireview

Efforts to further extend the range of applications of polymer based materials have resulted in the recent production of healable polymers that can regain their strength after damage. Within this field of healable materials, supramolecular polymers have been subject to extensive investigation. By virtue of their reversible non‐covalent interactions, cracks and fractures in such polymers can be readily and repeatedly healed in order to regain key physical properties. However, many supramolecular polymers are relatively weak and elastomeric in nature, which renders them unsuitable for high strength structural applications. To overcome these deficiencies, preliminary studies have shown that it is possible to reinforce supramolecular polymers with microscale and nanoscale fillers to afford composites that are not only stronger and stiffer compared with the polymers alone but also retain their healing abilities. In this minireview we discuss the evolution of these supramolecular composites and their advantages over more conventional, covalent polymeric materials. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

Mathematical Modeling of the Self-Pressurizing Mechanism for Microstructured Fiber Drawing

A method is proposed for modeling the self-pressurization of optical fibers that are sealed before drawing. The model is solved numerically and the results compared with experimental results. An explanation of the mechanism is presented and a numerical investigation is undertaken to optimize the choice of experimental parameters to minimize the transient effects of sealed preform drawing.     

15N NMR investigation of the reduction and binding of TNT in an aerobic bench scale reactor simulating windrow composting

T15NT was added to a soil of low organic carbon content and composted for 20 days in an aerobic bench scale reactor. The finished whole compost and fulvic acid, humic acid, humin, and lignocellulose fractions extracted from the compost were analyzed by solid-state CP/MAS and DP/MAS 15N NMR. 15N NMR spectra provided direct spectroscopic evidence for reduction of TNT followed by covalent binding of the reduced metabolites to organic matter of the composted soil, with the majority of metabolite found in the lignocellulose fraction, by mass also the major fraction of the compost. In general, the types of bonds formed between soil organic matter and reduced TNT amines in controlled laboratory reactions were observed in the spectra of the whole compost and fractions, confirming that during composting TNT is reduced to amines that form covalent bonds with organic matter through aminohydroquinone, aminoquinone, heterocyclic, and imine linkages, among others. Concentrations of imine nitrogens in the compost spectra suggest that covalent binding by the diamines 2,4DANT and 2,6DANT is a significant process in the transformation of TNT into bound residues. Liquid-phase 15N NMR spectra of the fulvic acid and humin fractions provided possible evidence for involvement of phenoloxidase enzymes in covalent bond formation.     

Prototypes and paratypes: designing mobile and ubiquitous computing applications

Conducting user-centered design is a primary challenge in ubiquitous computing. Two kinds of prototyping techniques can be particularly effective for developing mobile and ubiquitous computing applications: compound prototypes and situated experience prototypes. Compound prototypes combine the final product's user interface (UI) with a computational implementation that runs on a separate system without the resource constraints of the target device. This model lets researchers and designers evaluate a new application's physicality and aesthetics as well as its functionality. Situated experience prototypes, or paratypes, include experimental protocols that attempt to reproduce user interaction with the system in real situations, and can optionally use common prototyping instruments such as paper mock-ups or physical props. Using our Personal Audio Loop (PAL) project as a case study, we discuss how you can fruitfully employ compound prototypes and paratypes when designing and developing mobile and ubiquitous computing applications.     

Improving after-the-fact tracing and mapping: supporting software quality predictions

The software engineering industry undertakes many activities that require generating and using mappings. Companies develop knowledge bases to capture corporate expertise and possibly proprietary information. Software developers build traceability matrices to demonstrate that their designs satisfy the requirements. Proposal managers map customers' statements of work to individual sections of companies' proposals to prove compliance. Systems engineers authoring interface specifications record design rationales as they make relevant decisions. We developed an approach to tracing and mapping that aims to use fully automated information retrieval techniques, and we implemented our approach in a tool called RETRO (requirements tracing on target).