用浮动零点法消除温度对SAW加速度计测量准确度的影响

分析了温度漂移对声表面波谐振器(SAWR)及其声表面波振荡器(SAWO)频率特性、以及对SAW加速度计测量准确性的影响,探讨了提高SAW加速度计测量准确度的方法,提出了一种基于浮动零点原理抑制温度共模干扰的双对SAWR加速度计设计方案.本方案不仅通过设置浮动零点SAWR抑制了SAWO频率-温度漂移对SAW加速度计测量准确度的干扰,还在一定程度上降低了对SAWR表面制造工艺的要求.     

基于最优矢量量化零树编码的多小波图像压缩

提出一种基于多小波变换的矢量量化零树编码方案.利用多小波变换后各个子块之间的相关性,把图像的多小波分解看成是矢量四叉树结构,通过对多小波系数重排来保持小波系数的零树特征.对图像进行压缩仿真试验,结果表明多小波变换的图像压缩结果优于传统的小波变换结果.     

Development of a multiple linear regression model for predicting the 28-day compressive strength of Portland pozzolan cement

A multiple linear regression model was developed for the prediction of the 28-day compressive strength of Portland Pozzolan Cement (PPC) containing Santorin Earth as an admixture. The independent variables of the model were: (1) the compressive strength at the age of 2 days, (2) the compressive strength after autoclave hydrothermal treatment at 2.07 N/mm² (300 psi) and 214°C for 3 h, (3) the C₃S/C₂S ratio of the clinker, (4) the insoluble residue of the cement, (5) the pozzolanic activity factor and (6) the C₃A content of the clinker. The evaluation of the proposed model was performed by various statistical tests, all of which were successful. These tests included: multiple correlation, test of the significance of coefficients (t-test), estimation of confidence intervals for coefficients, test for outliers and unusual residuals, test for influential points, conditional sums of squares, R-squared and analysis of variance. There was very good agreement between the strength predicted by the multiple regression model and experimental results.

---

Résumé Un modèle de régression multiple linéaire a été developpé pour la prédiction de la résistance en compression du ciment pozzolanique Portland, contenant de la Terre de Santorin comme mélange. Les variables indépendantes du modèle étaient: (1) la résistance en compression pour l’age de 2 jours, (2) la résistance en compression après un traitement de 3 heures dans un autoclave à 2,07 N/mm² (300 psi) et 214°C, (3) le rapport C₂S/C₂S du clinker, (4) la quantité d’insolubles du ciment, (5) le facteur d’activité pozzolanique et (6) la quantité de C₃A du clinker. L’évaluation du modèle proposé à été effectuée par une série d’essais statistiques: une corrélation multiple, un essai de signification des coefficients (t-test), estimation des intervalles de confiance pour les coefficients, essai pour les substances étrangères et les résidus inhabituels, essai pour les points d’influence, somme des moindres carrés conditionnels, carré et une analyse de variance. Un très bon accord entre la résistance prévue par le modèle de régression et les résultats expérimentaux, a été constaté.

     

Stability of discrete-time bilinear systems with constant inputs

In this paper discrete-time bilinear systems are considered. Necessary and sufficient conditions are developed which ensure that for any constant input in an unbounded control domain, the trajectories of the system tend to the origin as time increases.     

An in vitro tissue culture bilayer model to examine early events in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

A tissue culture bilayer system that mimics some aspects of early alveolar infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis was developed. This model incorporates human lung epithelial type II pneumocyte (A549) (upper chamber) and endothelial cell (lower chamber) layers separated by a microporous membrane. This construction makes it possible to observe and quantify the passage of bacteria through the two layers, to observe the interaction of the bacteria with the various cell types, and to examine the basic mechanisms of immune cell recruitment to the site of infection. After 10(7) organisms were added to the upper chamber we microscopically observed large numbers of bacteria attached to and within the pneumocytes and we determined by viable-cell counting that a small percentage of the inoculum (0.02 to 0.43%) passed through the bilayer into the lower chamber. When peripheral blood mononuclear cells were added to the lower chamber, microscopic examination indicated a migration of the mononuclear cells through the bilayer to the apical surface, where they were seen associated with the mycobacteria on the pneumocytes. The added complexity of the bilayer system offers an opportunity to define more precisely the roles of the various lung cell types in the pathogenesis of early tuberculosis.     

Selective regulation of apoptosis: the cytotoxic lymphocyte serpin proteinase inhibitor 9 protects against granzyme B-mediated apoptosis without perturbing the Fas cell death pathway

Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CLs) induce caspase activation and apoptosis of target cells either through Fas activation or through release of granule cytotoxins, particularly granzyme B. CLs themselves resist granule-mediated apoptosis but are eventually cleared via Fas-mediated apoptosis. Here we show that the CL cytoplasmic serpin proteinase inhibitor 9 (PI-9) can protect transfected cells against apoptosis induced by either purified granzyme B and perforin or intact CLs. A PI-9 P1 mutant (Glu to Asp) is a 100-fold-less-efficient granzyme B inhibitor that no longer protects against granzyme B-mediated apoptosis. PI-9 is highly specific for granzyme B because it does not inhibit eight of the nine caspases tested or protect transfected cells against Fas-mediated apoptosis. In contrast, the P1(Asp) mutant is an effective caspase inhibitor that protects against Fas-mediated apoptosis. We propose that PI-9 shields CLs specifically against misdirected granzyme B to prevent autolysis or fratricide, but it does not interfere with homeostatic deletion via Fas-mediated apoptosis.     

The depolarization near-field scanning optical microscope: comparison of experiment and theory

The depolarization near-field scanning optical microscope allows for sub-wavelength optical resolution with uncoated optical fibre tips. We show by a simple thought experiment, by numerical solution of the Maxwell equations for a realistic geometry, and by direct experiments, that this novel apparatus images gradients of the dielectric function of a sample in the direction of the incident electric field vector. The near-field images obtained from experiment and theory agree well.     

Laparoscopic vesicopsoas hitch for infiltrative ureteral endometriosis

Type-specific serologic assays for herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 based on glycoprotein G-1 (gG-1) (HSV-1) and gG-2 (HSV-2) discriminate between antibodies against HSV-1 and HSV-2. We previously developed a Western blot assay using gG-1 and gG-2 expressed in baculovirus, performed extensive validation studies, and determined that it was both sensitive and specific for type-specific detection of HSV antibody. Here we report that, among a cohort of Thai military recruits, the serostatus of some individuals changed from positive to negative over time (6.6% among those ever positive for HSV-1, and 14.9% among those ever positive for HSV-2). We tested a subset of these specimens in three other gG-based assays: an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, an immunoblot strip assay, and a Western blot assay. Positive-to-negative shifts occurred in every assay; the frequency of the shifts ranged from 6. 1% to 21.2% of the specimen sets tested. There was only limited agreement among the assays concerning which individuals lost reactivity. This inaccuracy, exhibited by all of the assay protocols, was not predicted by validation studies employing specimens from cross-sectional studies and was most pronounced in HSV-2 testing. This argues for the inclusion of serial blood specimens in serologic assay validation procedures.     

Effect of increased afterload on cardiac lipoprotein lipase and VLDL receptor expression

Fatty acids are a major source of fuel for energy production by myocytes. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor are abundantly expressed by the heart and skeletal muscles. LPL and possibly VLDL receptor represent the primary route of access to fatty acids contained in circulating triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Physical exercise and thyroid hormone, which promote energy consumption, upregulate LPL expression in skeletal muscles. This study tested the hypothesis that increased cardiac workload might modulate myocardial LPL and/or VLDL receptor expressions. Accordingly, cardiac tissue LPL activity, LPL and VLDL receptor proteins and mRNA abundance were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats 4 weeks after induction of severe thoracic aorta constriction or sham operation. Elevation of afterload with thoracic aortic constriction led to a significant cardiomegaly and a marked upregulation of cardiac LPL activity, LPL mRNA and LPL protein abundance, but did not modify VLDL receptor mRNA or protein abundance. Thus, increased cardiac workload in this model results in upregulation of myocardial LPL expression which can enhance fatty acid availability to accommodate the heart's increased energy requirement.