Effect of Acylation Upon Extractability of Nitrogen, Phytic Acid and Minerals in Rapeseed Flour Protein Concentrates

Rapeseed flour (RF) and protein concentrates (RPC) were acylated with various levels of succinic or acetic anhydride. Compared with the unmodified control, 63% succinylation or 87% acetylation resulted in up to 45% increase in nitrogen and 95% decrease in phytic acid extractabilities in the first RF extract. At 21% succinylation or 55% acetylation, the extractability of phytic acid was more than double that of the unmodified control whereas the extractability of nitrogen was increased by 22%. A second extraction of the residual acylated RF with deionized water increased the extractability of phytic acid. For both first and second extracts, the extractability pattern of the major minerals followed that of phytic acid. Acylation of heat treated protein concentrate was not effective in increasing the nitrogen and decreasing the phytic acid extractabilities.     

Analytical Phase Diagram Calculation of the System MnO-NiO from Experimental Activity Data

Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Research and School of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Central University of Venezuela (UCV), Apartado 51717, Caracas 1050-A, Venezuela The complete phase diagram of the binary system MnO-NiO was analytically calculated using the pseudosimpler thermo-dynamic solution model based on the available experimental activity data. The system exhibits a symmetrical subsolidus miscibility gap with its critical temperature at Tc=386.8°C. The possible spinodal curve is also calculated. The solidus and liquidus reveal complete mutual solubilities between the end components at high temperature. The solidus is a continuously sloping monotonic curve but the liquidus is skewed and concave upward near the MnO end. An explanation of the effect of the cationic size differences on the characteristics of phase relations of similar binary systems formed between the NaCl-type divalent monoxides is proposed.     

Chemical Composition and Functional Properties of Acylated Low Phytate Rapeseed Protein Isolate

Protein isolates were prepared by isoelectric precipitation or dialysis of the first and second aqueous extracts of rapeseed flour which was unmodified or acylated by succinic or acetic anhydride. Acylation of the flour lowered the protein and phytic acid contents without significantly altering the amino acid composition of the isoelectrically precipitated protein isolates from the two extracts. The acylated protein isolates from the isoelectrically precipitated extracts had high nitrogen solubility, emulsifying and fat absorption properties. Isoelectrically precipitated and dialyzed acylated proteins did not differ in nitrogen solubility, but dialyzed unmodified protein isolates had nitrogen solubility which was considerably greater than that of isoelectrically precipitated proteins.     

甲烷/空气预混合气在定容燃烧室内的燃烧试验

为研究进气温度、进气压力、当量燃烧比、射流引燃、压燃(自燃)等对甲烷燃烧的影响,以提高点燃式天然气发动机的性能,在定容燃烧室(CVCC)内进行甲烷/空气预混合气的燃烧试验,通过火焰高速摄影和气体压力测量等手段,获取试验结果并进行分析.试验发现,在燃烧室内安装带通孔的横隔板后,有利于加快火焰传播速度、提高燃烧峰值压力和燃烧的稳定性,在某些试验条件下,下燃烧室会出现混合气压燃(自燃)现象.     

Automatically Determining Semantics for World Wide Web Multimedia Information Retrieval

Search engines are useful because they allow the user to find information of interest from the World Wide Web (WWW). However, most of the popular search engines today are textual; they do not allow the user to find images from the web. For effective retrieval, determining the semantics of the images is essential. In this paper, we describe the problems in determining the semantics of images on the WWW and the approach of AMORE, a WWW search engine that we have developed. AMORE's techniques can be extended to other media like audio and video. We explain how we assign keywords to the images based on HTML pages and the method to determine similar images based on the assigned text. We also discuss some statistics showing the effectiveness of our technique. Finally, we present the visual interface of AMORE with the help of several retrieval scenarios.     

Electrical Properties of Sputter-deposited ZrO2-based Pt/ZrO2/Si Capacitors

Pt/ZrO2/Si sandwich structures where ZrO2 is deposited by radio frequency （r.f.） magnetron sputtering using a Zr target in an atmosphere of O2/Ar gas mixture, were fabricated and the effects of the O2/Ar flow ratio in the reactive sputtering process, the annealing temperature, the ZrO2 film thickness on the structure, the surface roughness of ZrO2 films and the electric properties of Pt/ZrO2/Si metal-oxide-semiconductor （MOS） capacitors were investigated. The optimum process parameters of the Pt/ZrO2/Si capacitor based on reactively sputtered-ZrO2 determined in such a way as the capacitance is maximized and the leakage current, the oxide charge, and the interface trap density are minimized that is the O2/Ar flow ratio of 1.5, the annealing temperature of 800℃, and the film thickness of 10 nm. Also the conduction mechanism in the Pt/ZrO2/Si capacitor has been discussed.     

Internal modification in transparent hybrid germanium-silica plates using plasma formation induced by a femtosecond laser

The fabrication of an internal diffraction grating with photoinduced refractive index modification in planar hybrid germanium-silica plates was demonstrated using low-density plasma formation excited by a high-intensity femtosecond (150 fs) Ti:sapphire laser (λp=790 nm).The refractive index modifications with diameters ranging from 400 nm to 3 μm were photoinduced after plasma formation occurred upon irradiation with peak intensities of more than 2×1013 W/cm2.The graded refractive index profile was fabricated to be a symmetric around from the center of the point at which low-density plasma occurred.