PURIFICATION OF CELLULASE FROM FUSARIUM MONILIFORME AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE PRODUCTION OF RED BEAN STARCH PRECIPITATE

To investigate the effect of cellulase on increase of recovery of red bean starch precipitate, cellulases from Fusarium moniliforme were purified and applied to the production of red bean starch precipitate. Oneã-glucosidase, two filter paper degradation enzymes (FPase), one endo-ã-glucanase (endo-Cx) and one exo-ã-glucanase (exo-Cx) were purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. Optimum temperature and time of submersion of red beans for reduction of hardness was 50°C and 2 h. Maximum sedimentation rate of starch was obtained when the red bean was incubated in a mixture of 0.004 units/mL of FPase and 0.3 units/mL of CMCase, and maximum recovery of red bean starch precipitate was obtained with 0.004 units/mL of FPase and 0.2 units/mL of CMCase. Enzyme treatment reduced suspended solids about 40% in waste water compared with control. A little hydrolysis in cell wall, intercellular space and interstarch granular space was observed.     

Enhancement of Ferroelectric Properties of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Films Grown by Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition on Noble-Alloy Bottom Electrodes

Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ (PZT) films grown on Ir electrodes by a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) have suffered from high leakage and rough surface. We sputtered Pt and Ir simultaneously onto Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates and formed Ir-Pt alloy bottom electrodes with various compositions. With an optimal composition of Ir and Pt, PZT films grown by MOCVD on this substrate showed smoother surface and suppressed leakage via the bottom interface. At the specific composition of Ir and Pt, two different phases seemed to be acquired. They constituted the electrodes and affected the PZT grain nucleation independently so that the grains with different origins grew and restrained the vicinal grains, and finally soothed the faceted-grain-formation. No fatigue was observed even in PZT on Ir-Pt alloy with much Pt content.     

Synthesis and characterization of Ba(CoxNb1-x)O3 nanoparticles by hydrothermal processing

The nanosized Ba(Co_xNb_1–x)O₃(BCN) particles were prepared under high temperature and pressure conditions by precipitation from metal nitrates with aqueous potassium hydroxide. Ba(Co_xNb_1–x)O₃ powders were obtained in the temperature range of 170–210 °C for 6 h. The results show that the average size of the synthesized particles increases with increasing reaction temperature. The average size of the synthesized particles is about 10 nm. The crystalline phase of the synthesized particles is found to be Ba(Co_xNb_1–x)O_3. Ceramics derived from the nano BCN powders could achieve high sintering density at a relatively low sintering temperature.     

PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYPHENOL OXIDASE FROM POTATO: I. PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES

Polyphenol oxidase (Isozyme I) from potato was extracted and purified with ammonium sulfate, cation-exchange (Bio-Rad Bio-Scale S2) and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The enzyme was purified 11.8 fold resulting in a specific activity of 250.3 units/mg. Optimum pH of the enzyme was 6.6. Optimum temperature of the enzyme was 40C and its half-life was 0.8 min at 70C. The K_mfor catechol, pyrogallol, 4-methyl catechol, caffeic acid and L-DOPA were 4.11 mM, 0.61 mM, 0.78 mM, 0.50 mM and 32 mM, respectively. However, monophenols such as tyrosine, p-cresol and 1-naphtol did not show any activity. Data for V_max/K_m which represents catalytic efficiency show that 4-methyl catechol has the highest value. The molecular weight of the active enzyme was 86,000 Da, composed of two identical subunits. The number of Cu²⁺ ions bound was found to be 2 per enzyme molecule.     

基于改进弧长法的层压复合壳后屈曲反应分析

研究了层压复合壳在横向均匀外压作用下的后屈曲反应.应用全拉格朗日公式描述和9结点退化三维壳单元.提出了一种渐进破坏的模式,并且引入改进的弧长法用于非线性有限元分析.重点研究了不同铺设顺序及方向的层压复合壳后屈曲变形形态和破坏过程.数值计算结果的精度和稳定性得以证实.     

Effects of Gamma Irradiation Dose and Timing of Treatment after Harvest on the Storeability of Garlic Bulbs

The effect of gamma irradiation dose and time of treatment after harvest on the storage of garlic bulbs was investigated. The effectiveness of irradiation for external sprout inhibition was not affected by the treatment time within 45 days after harvest. At 285 days after harvest, irradiation of 50 - 150 Gy caused about 6% less decrease in weight loss compared with the unirradiated group, and spoilage rates of the unirradiated and irradiated cloves were 100% and 17 - 20%, respectively. For the overall storageability of garlic bulbs, 75 Gy was shown to be the minimal optimum dose, and there was no apparent effect depending upon the time of irradiation treatment after harvest.     

A structured approach to deadlock detection,avoidance and resolution in flexible manufacturing systems

Production scheduling models that determine part mix ratios and detailed schedules do not usually account for deadlocks that can be caused by part flow. Deadlocks must be prevented for operational control (especially in automated systems). The major thrust of this paper is in developing a structured model for deadlock detection, avoidance and resolution caused by part flow in manufacturing systems. A system status graph can be constructed for the parts currently in the system. Deadlock detection amounts to determining deadlocks in the system status graph. On the other hand, deadlock avoidance amounts to restricting parts movement so that deadlocks are completely avoided in the future. While deadlock detection is a one-step look ahead procedure, deadlock avoidance is a complete look ahead procedure. Deadlock resolution or recovery amounts to judiciously using a limited queue to recover from deadlocks. Deadlock detection and avoidance are absolutely crucial to uninterrupted operation of automated manufacturing systems. A model based in graph theory has been formulated to detect and avoid deadlocks in automated manufacturing systems.