Optimization of contrast delivery for pulmonary CT angiography

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and reproducibility of a novel image-scoring method of first-trimester nuchal translucency measurement as an objective tool of ongoing audit and training. DESIGN: This was an independent evaluation of nuchal translucency images by three separate reviewers unaware of the examiner. SUBJECTS: There were 105 consecutive singleton pregnancies undergoing first-trimester screening. METHODS: Each image was scored according to the following criteria: section (oblique, 0; mid-sagittal, 2), caliper placing (misplaced, 0; proper, 2), skin line (nuchal only, 0; nuchal and back, 2), image size (unsatisfactory, 0; satisfactory, 1), amnion (not visualized, 0; visualized, 1) and head position (flexion/hyperextension, 0; straight, 1). The final score was categorized into one of four quality groups: excellent (8-9), reasonable (4-7), intermediate (2-3), unacceptable (0-1). RESULTS: The distributions of the four quality groups were similar between the three reviewers: 11.4% were classified as excellent, 57.1% as reasonable, 25.7% as intermediate and 5.7% as unacceptable. Inter-reviewer agreement showed identical classification, by each pair of reviewers, from 65.7% to 74.3%, and partial agreement to neighboring quality groups from 25.7% to 34.3% of the cases. In none of the cases did the reviewers differ in categorizing cases to remarkably different quality groups. Application of the auditing method to the examiners showed similar distribution to the various quality groups and similar mean final score of 4.69 (0.39, SE), 4.54 (0.15, SE) and 4.65 (0.15, SE). CONCLUSIONS: The described image-scoring method represents a new approach towards the evaluation of ultrasound performance as a whole and nuchal translucency measurement in particular. It may be employed by every center in an independent manner with minimal resources and regardless of the method of risk assessment. More studies will be needed to determine the standards required from the examiners and to elucidate the contribution of the proposed auditing method to the examination's quality and the process of training.     

v-src activation of the collagenase-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1) promoter through PEA3 and STAT: requirement of extracellular signal-regulated kinases and inhibition by retinoic acid receptors

The evaluation of ultrafiltration failure is embarked upon when a patient has persistent problems with symptoms and signs of fluid overload. Fluid overload is a common problem in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and the risk of its occurrence increases with time on dialysis. Although often attributed to changes in peritoneal membrane function (membrane failure), there are a number of potential, and frequently more common factors that can contribute to the failure of adequate fluid removal in patients on PD. Many of the causes of ultrafiltration failure may be apparent after an initial informal evaluation. However, if after this the etiology remains unexplained, a systematic approach to the differential diagnosis of this problem can be utilized with the use of the peritoneal equilibration test. Once a diagnosis is confirmed, a logical therapeutic plan can be formulated.     

闭式热泵干燥介质温湿度演化及对能耗的影响

目的:解析闭式热泵干燥过程中物料脱水、干燥介质温湿度与耗能间的交互作用。方法:在60℃、10%RH的控制参数下,通过试验确定物料脱水特性、干燥介质温湿度演化及系统组件耗能。结果:干燥前期物料脱水速率较快,干燥1.5 h后物料脱除了整个干燥过程96%的水分;该阶段空气介质的相对湿度维持在24%以上,水分经蒸发器表面快速冷凝并排出,除湿能耗比最高可达1.03 kg/kW;热泵机组是干燥过程的主要耗能部件,其功耗随干燥介质温度的升高而升高;受干燥介质相对湿度降低和外部循环排热的影响,除湿能耗比在干燥后期迅速下降,在2 h后仅为0.004 kg/kW。结论:热泵干燥的能量利用与介质温湿度有密切关系,在物料含水率较高时干燥具有高除湿能耗比,而在干燥后期会随介质相对湿度值迅速下降;恒定的温湿度控制方法不利于闭式热泵系统在干燥后期的节能。     

黄色云母珠光颜料的制备

将纳米BiVO4包覆在云母钛珠光颜料上,制得了黄色珠光颜料。介绍了该珠光颜料的制备方法,并探讨了BiVO4的包覆机理。     

基于改进保守功率理论的单周控制有源滤波器的研究

文中提出了一种改进的保守功率理论的电流检测方法,其可以有效地分解出基波有功电流,消除了电压中谐波的影响。将此电流检测方法运用于单周控制的三相三线制有源电力滤波器系统中,搭建的系统仿真及实验结果验证了此方案的正确性,能消除谐波影响并能够对非线性负载产生的谐波电流进行有效的谐波抑制和无功补偿。     

一种有效降低虚警率的变化检测算法

研究了图像变化检测算法,针对传统的直接比较算法对光照、噪声等变化因素敏感,虚警率较高的问题,提出一种新的变化检测算法加以解决.首先,采用提出的基于二维直方图的最大熵方法对参考图进行分类,然后利用非线性估计方法,对参考图进行估计,并利用分类结果对其进行标注,最后,通过计算测试图像像素点到估计图像对应像素点所在类的马氏距离,来度量测试图像的变化情况.通过实验比较,验证了算法的有效性.     

西藏青稞碳、氢、氧、氮同位素在不同生态域中差异性研究

目的研究青稞中稳定同位素在不同生态域的差异性。方法 2016年在西藏不同生态域种植不同基因型的青稞品种,利用同位素质谱仪测定不同生态域的青稞样品的稳定碳、氢、氧、氮同位素,结合Kolmogorov-Smirnov和Levene统计量分别检验所有数据的正态性和方差同质性,满足方差齐性时采用LSD多重比较,不满足方差齐性时采用Games-Howell多重比较法进行分析,解析不同生态域青稞样品中稳定碳、氢、氧、氮同位素。结果不同区域种植的青稞δ~(13)C值、δ~(15)N值、δ~(18)O值和δD值差异均极其显著(P0.01)。结论稳定碳、氢、氧、氮同位素指纹可用于青稞的产地溯源,可以进一步研究青稞中多元素组成特征及其用于青稞产地溯源的可行性。     

西藏4地市糌粑中重金属含量分析与污染评价

通过调查西藏4地市（山南市、日喀则市、林芝市、拉萨市）不同磨制方式生产的糌粑中重金属砷（As）、镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、铅（Pb）、汞（Hg）含量,并开展污染情况全面分析评价,以提高西藏各地市糌粑的质量安全水平,为加强质量安全监管提供可靠的数据支持。从西藏4地市分别采集不同模式生产的糌粑样品101个,使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对糌粑样品中5种重金属进行检测分析与质量安全评价。101个糌粑样品中,按照糌粑质量分级标准综合污染指数进行评价,不同磨制方式生产糌粑中应用单因子污染指数、综合污染指数评价结果显示,电磨和水磨糌粑中的重金属As 、Cd 、Cr、Pb、Hg污染等级均属于安全。不同地市生产糌粑中单因子污染指数及综合污染指数评价结果显示,山南市糌粑中的重金属Pb污染等级属基本清洁,As 、Cd 、Cr、Hg污染等级均属安全;日喀则市糌粑中的重金属As污染等级属基本清洁,Cd 、Cr、Pb、Hg污染等级均属安全;林芝市糌粑中的重金属Pb污染等级属基本清洁,As 、Cd 、Cr、Hg污染等级均属安全;拉萨市糌粑中的重金属Pb、As 、Cd 、Cr、Hg污染等级均属安全;根据Nemerow综合污染等级评价4地市中的其他重金属综合污染指数等级均是安全。因此,西藏4地市糌粑中的重金属As 、Cd、Cr、Pb、Hg综合污染指数等级均是安全。