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Microwave attenuation measurements at 25 and 38 GHz made on a 2.3-km microwave link are employed to estimate drop size distributions (DSD), rainfall rate, and rainfall accumulation. A theoretical model for the propagation of microwaves in a link system sets forth the basis for the development of a dual-wavelength analytical technique to invert two parameters of a path-average gamma DSD. The DSDs obtained from the technique are evaluated in conjunction with point measurements performed with a 2-D video disdrometer. Additionally, the DSDs yield path-average rainfall rates and rainfall accumulation which are compared with path-average measurements from a network of optical and tipping bucket rain gauges located beneath the link path, and with estimates based on empirical power law relations 相似文献
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Yuming Xue Shipeng Zhang Dianyou Song Liming Zhang Xinyu Wang Lang Wang Hang Sun 《半导体学报》2021,42(11):29-34
Cd1-xZnxS thin films were deposited by chemical bath deposition(CBD)on the glass substrate to study the influence of cadmium sulfate concentration on the structural characteristics of the thin film.The SEM results show that the thin film sur-faces under the cadmium sulfate concentration of 0.005 M exhibit better compactness and uniformity.The distribution dia-grams of thin film elements illustrate the film growth rate changes on the trend of the increase,decrease,and increase with the increase of cadmium sulfate concentration.XRD studies exhibit the crystal structure of the film is the hexagonal phase,and there are obvious diffraction peaks and better crystallinity when the concentration is 0.005 M.Spectrophotometer test results demonstrate that the relationship between zinc content x and optical band gap value Eg can be expressed by the equation Eg(x)=0.59x2+0.69x+2.43.Increasing the zinc content can increase the optical band gap,and the absorbance of the thin film can be improved by decreasing the cadmium sulfate concentration,however,all of them have good transmittance.At a concen-tration of 0.005 M,the thin film has good absorbance in the 300-800 nm range,80%transmittance,and band gap value of 3.24 eV,which is suitable for use as a buffer layer for solar cells. 相似文献
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The effect of laser-diode frequency chirping on harmonic distortions in multimode fibre analogue transmission with direct intensity modulation was clarified experimentally with results in good agreement with the theory. The results show that the harmonic distortion can be greatly reduced by the reduction of the frequency chirping which accompanies diode-laser intensity modulation. 相似文献
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A microwave scattering model for layered vegetation 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Karam M.A. Fung A.K. Lang R.H. Chauhan N.S. 《Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on》1992,30(4):767-784
A microwave scattering model was developed for layered vegetation based on an iterative solution of the radiative transfer equation up to the second order to account for multiple scattering within the canopy and between the ground and the canopy. The model is designed to operate over a wide frequency range for both deciduous and coniferous forest and to account for the branch size distribution, leaf orientation distribution, and branch orientation distribution for each size. The canopy is modeled as a two-layered medium above a rough interface. The upper layer is the crown, containing leaves, stems, and branches. The lower layer is the trunk region, modeled as randomly positioned cylinders with a preferred orientation distribution above an irregular soil surface. Comparisons of results obtained using this model with measurements from deciduous and coniferous forests show good agreement at several frequencies for both like and cross polarizations 相似文献