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81.
Current Research Activities
The Swedish approach to research and development in fire protection 相似文献82.
Summary The throughput of a satellite channel communication is depending upon the link protocol. It is well known that the classical HDLC protocol is inadequate when applied to satellite links instead of short terrestrial links. Several modifications have been proposed to overcome this problem. The present paper gives an analysis and evaluation of a new class of protocols called Virtual Subchannel schemes which splits the satellite link into several components; these subchannels are assigned for transmission in cyclic order and are controlled independently of each other by the classical HDLC procedure. 相似文献
83.
Friedrich Otto 《Theory of Computing Systems》1987,20(1):253-260
WhenC is a concurrency relation on alphabet , then */=
C
is a free partially commutative monoid. Here we show that it is decidable in polynomial time whether or not there exists a finite canonical rewriting systemR on such that the congruences
R
*
generated byR and =
C
induced byC coincide. Further, in case such a systemR exists, one such system can be determined in polynomial time. 相似文献
84.
On Cu-ZSM-5 zeolite at room temperature, propane is physisorbed, while propene shows characteristics of chemisorption. The chemisorption mode has certain advantages for the catalytic control of automotive emissions. Alkane and alkene adsorption equilibria and kinetics are compared on Cu-ZSM-5 and on ZSM-5 free of alumina. The results are discussed in terms of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. 相似文献
85.
The paper describes a method of fractionating vegetable, animal and fish oils, and in particular palm oil. The method involves
addition of a medium comprising two common solvents to the semisolid oils. On centrifugation, the olein and stearin are separated
by the medium in the middle. Thirteen media made up from binary combinations of nine solvents, viz. water, propylene glycol,
glycerine, methanol, ethanol,n-propanol, isopropanol (IPA), acetone and butanone, are found to be effective in olein-stearin separation. However, only the
water/IPA and water/methanol systems have been studied in detail. The aqueous IPA provides a higher yield of olein than water/
methanol but intersolubility between oil and medium is also greater. The fractionation process can be carried out at any suitable
temperature. Fractionation of the special prime bleached (SPB) palm oil at 16 C yields an olein with a cloud point of 4.8
C. Some hybrid palm oils produce a large quantity of low cloud point olein which can be bleached readily. The process can
be extended to include degumming and neutralization by using an alkaline medium for centrifugation. The olein fractions obtained
have been found to be free of phosphatides and the free fatty acids reduced to as low as 0.02%. Metal-scavenging agents have
also been added to the medium in an attempt to remove copper and iron. The development of this process into a continuous one
has been demonstrated on the AlfaLaval LAPX 202 Separator. Fractionation of crude palm oil using a density gradient provides
seven fractions of different characteristics. The iodine values vary from 37.5 to 57.4 and the unsaturated fatty acids range
from 32.7% to 51.2%. Triglyceride analysis by carbon numbers shows great differences in the C48 and C52 constituents of the fractions.
aThe volume ratio of oil to medium in each case was 1:1.
The separation involved the oil and wax. 相似文献
86.
Earlier studies have shown that sulfur dioxide and metal-support interaction can strongly influence propane oxidation over platinum. In particular, oxidation activity is enhanced when platinum is supported on sulfated -alumina or zirconia compared to -alumina. Therefore, it is of interest to compare the performance of palladium under the same experimental conditions. Four model catalysts were examined: Pt/-alumina, Pt/zirconia, Pd/-alumina and Pd/zirconia. The metal loading was kept at or below 0.05 wt% to emphasize changes in activity attributable to metal-support interaction. Reaction rates were measured with and without sulfur dioxide. Surface sulfation was analyzed by measuring acid strength and evaluating spectra obtained by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. In contrast to platinum, sulfation does not promote propane oxidation on Pd/-alumina, and Pd/zirconia is less active than Pd/-alumina. 相似文献
87.
Alkaline earths strongly catalyze steam gasification of graphite. The catalytic effect increases in the order Ca < Sr < Ba. Reaction rates of graphite impregnated with 0.3 at.% Ba are 500 times larger than those of pure graphite. Catalysis is due to the participation of additional reaction sites, not to a lowering of the true activation energy. It follows from kinetic data, electron microscopic observations, and theoretical considerations that the efficiency of the catalysts is closely related to their ability to coat a carbon surface and to continue contact with carbon atoms emerging from the bulk. In the presence of sulfur, severe, but not complete, catalyst deactivation occurs. This poisoning is to a large degree reversible. 相似文献
88.
Aqueous dispersions of anionic polyurethanes were prepared by reaction of polyethers, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid anhydride and triethyl amine. Formation of the dispersion was achieved by phase reversal or by precipitation. Phase reversal occurred when the solution or the melt of the polymer was treated with water, while precipitation took place when the solution was stirred into water. The amount of acetone used has an effect on the mean particle diameter, D?T, obtained by turbidity measurements. There was an optimal acetone concentration at which D?T reached a minimum. A similar effect was observed when tetrahydrofuran, 2-butanone or acetonitrile were used as solvents instead of acetone. When the dispersion was formed by precipitation, only adequately diluted acetonic solutions formed colloidal dispersions, while concentrated solutions gave dispersions with a broad particle size distribution. 相似文献
89.
An efficient, reliable and easily programmed method for solving systems of equilibrium stage separation devices is described. The method is an extension of an algorithm developed by Ishii and Otto(9) for single columns. It solves all equations simultaneously, takes advantage of the basic tridiagonal matrix form form of the linearized steady state equations and can handle configurations which include distillation columns, absorbers and reboiled absorbers. The solution for a thermally coupled distillation system is presented. 相似文献
90.
Norbert Kuhn Klaus Madlener Friedrich Otto 《Applicable Algebra in Engineering, Communication and Computing》1994,5(5):287-316
Algorithms for solving uniform decision problems for algebraic structures crucially depend on the chosen finite presentations for the structures under consideration. Rewriting techniques have been used very successfully to solve uniform decision problems, when the presentations considered involve finite, noetherian, and ()-confluent rewriting systems. Whenever the class of algebraic structures considered is closed under the operation of taking finitely generated substructures, then the algorithms for solving the uniform decision problems can be applied to the substructures as well. However, since these algorithms depend on the form of the presentations, this involves the task of constructing a presentation of a certain form for a substructure given a presentation of this form for the structure itself and a finite set of generating elements for the substructure.This problem, which has received a lot of attention in algebra, is here investigated from an algorithmic point of view. The structures considered are the following two classes of groups, which have been studied extensively before: the polycyclic groups and the context-free groups.Finitely generated context-free groups can be presented by finite, monadic, and -confluent string-rewriting systems. Due to their nice algorithmic properties these systems provide a way to effectively solve many decision problems for context-free groups. Since finitely generated subgroups of context-free groups are again contextfree, they can be presented in the same way. Here we describe a process that, from a finite, monadic, and -confluent string-rewriting system presenting a context-free groupG and a finite subsetU ofG, determines a presentation of this form for the subgroup U ofG that is generated byU. For finitely presented polycyclic groups we obtain an analogous result, when we use finite confluent PCP2-presentations to describe these groups.This work was performed while this author was visiting at the Fachbereich Informatik, Universität Kaiserslautern, during his sabbatical 1991/92 相似文献