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True biaxial tests of granular materials are investigated by applying the principle of minimal dissipation and comparing to two dimensional contact dynamics simulations. It is shown that the macroscopic steady state manifested by constant stress ratio and constant volume is the result of the ever changing microscopic structure which minimizes the dissipation rate. The shear band angle in the varying shear band structures is found to be constant. We also show that introducing friction on the walls reduces the degeneracy of the optimal shear band structures to one for a wide range of parameters which gives a non-constant stress ratio curve with varying aspect ratio that can be calculated. 相似文献
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The comparison of starch granule deformation and extent of starch gelatinization in a few common Indian unleavened flat breads (Chapati, Parontha and Poorie) was made. The starch granule swelling was evaluated by scanning electron as well as polarized light microscopy. The peak viscosity in Haake rotary viscosimeter and hydration capacity were used for comparing the extent of starch gelatinization in crust and crumb of these baked products. Although a few of the starch granules on the outside of crust, maintained a weak outline those in the crumb area gave only a matrix of gelatinized starch. The extent of starch gelatinization was reflected by the related increase in hydration capacity of these products. However, the peak viscosity values were found to be inversely related to the extent of starch gelatinization. As compared to crumb, a higher extent of browning was observed in the crust. Water absorption, type of cereal, mode and efficiency of heat transfer were found to control the extent of starch gelatinization in these baked products. 相似文献
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Stefan Schulz Wittko Francke Wilfried A. König Volker Schurig Kenji Mori Rolf Kittmann Dietrich Schneider 《Journal of chemical ecology》1990,16(12):3511-3521
(R)-6-Ethyl-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one, (1R,3S,5R)-3-ethyl-1,8-dimethyl-2,9-dioxabicyclo[3.3. 1]non-7-ene, and (1R,3S,5R)-3-ethyl-1,8-dimethyl-2,9-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-7-en-6-one represent the main components in the male pheromone of the swift moth,Hepialus hecta. The amounts of the three components were 40, 5, and 5 g per male, respectively. Structure elucidation of the compounds was based on spectroscopic data as compared to synthetic reference samples. The absolute configurations were determined by gas chromatography on chiral stationary phases; optically active samples served as reference compounds. Electrophysiological and behavioral experiments with natural material and synthetic samples clearly showed the three heterocyclic compounds to act as pheromones. (E, E)--Farnesene represents the main component of the scent secretion of maleHepialus humuli. 相似文献
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Dietrich Birus Matthias Schneider Thomas Rummel Marko Fricke Klaus Petry Andreas Ebersoldt 《Fusion Engineering and Design》2009,84(2-6):457-460
The Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) project uses superconductive coils for generation of the magnetic field to keep the plasma. One of the important safety systems is the protection against quench events. The quench detection system of W7-X protects the superconducting coils, the superconducting bus bar sections and the high temperature superconductor of the current leads against the damage because of a quench and against the high stress by a fast discharge of the magnet system.Therefore, the present design of the quench detection system (QDS) uses a two-stage safety concept for discharging the magnetic system. This paper describes the present design of the system assembly from the quench detection unit (QDU) for the detection of the quench to the quench detection interface (QDI) to implement the two-stage safety concept. 相似文献
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Mark-Alexander Schwarzbich Hao Dai Lambros Kordelas Dietrich W. Beelen Aleksandar Radujkovic Carsten Müller-Tidow Peter Dreger Thomas Luft 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(4)
Weight loss and metabolic activity influence outcome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). This study evaluates pre-conditioning Leptin, a peptide hormone involved in metabolism and immune homeostasis, as a prognostic factor for survival, relapse and non-relapse mortality (NRM) following alloSCT. Leptin serum levels prior to conditioning were determined in a cohort of patients transplanted for various hematologic malignancies (n = 524) and correlated retrospectively with clinical outcome. Findings related to patients with acute leukemia (AL) from this sample were validated in an independent cohort. Low pre-conditioning serum Leptin was an independent prognostic marker for increased risk of relapse (but not of NRM and overall mortality) following alloSCT for AL of intermediate and advanced stage (beyond first complete remission). Multivariate analysis revealed a hazard ratio (HR) for relapse of 0.75 per log2 increase (0.59–0.96, p = 0.020). This effect was similar in an independent validation cohort. Pre-conditioning serum Leptin was validated as a prognostic marker for early relapse by fitting the multivariate Cox model to the validation data. Pre-conditioning serum Leptin levels may serve as an independent prognostic marker for relapse following alloSCT in intermediate and advanced stage AL patients. Prospective studies are required to prove whether serum Leptin could be used for guiding nutritional intervention in patients with AL undergoing alloSCT. 相似文献
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Otto Richter Thomas Schmidt Hand Büning-Pfaue und Dietrich Reinhardt 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1988,187(2):130-136
Zusammenfassung Es werden pharmakokinetische Modelle angegeben, um den Konzentrationsverlauf von Arzneimittelrückständen im Menschen zu berechnen, die mit der Nahrung aufgenommen werden. Dabei lassen sich zwei Kompartimentmodelle für die Kinetik in der Nahrung und im Menschen koppeln: Das erste System liefert die Anfangswerte (bzw. eine Folge von Anfangswerten) für das zweite System. Das Modell wird auf die Übertragung von Chloramphenicol durch Speisefische auf den Menschen und auf die Übertragung von Theophyin durch die Muttermilch auf gestillte Säuglinge angewendet. Durch Einführung einer günstigsten und ungünstigsten Parameterkombination werden Grenzverläufe für die Blutspiegel berechnet, die als Grundlage einer Rückstandsbewertung dienen können.
Residues of active substances following the consumption of contaminated food —Status report on the evaluation of residues based on two drugs
Summary Pharmacokinetic models are presented for the computation of time courses of blood levels of drugs in man following the consumption of contaminated food. Mathematically, two linear systems of differential equations are set up for the donor organism (e.g., trout) and for the recipient, (e.g., man), where the first system generates the initial conditions for the second. Models of this kind are applied to the transfer of chloramphenicol to man via carp and trout (which had previously been administered this drug) and to the transfer of theophylline to infants via breast milk. Limiting concentration profiles are computed by constructing the most favourable and most adverse combinations of parameters with respect to drug elimination in both the donor and recipient organism.相似文献
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