Studies on the annealing and antibacterial properties of the silver-embedded aluminum/silica nanospheres

Substantial silver-embedded aluminum/silica nanospheres with uniform diameter and morphology were successfully synthesized by sol-gel technique. After various annealing temperatures, the surface mechanisms of each sample were analyzed using scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The chemical durability examinations and antibacterial tests of each sample were also carried out for the confirmation of its practical usage. Based on the result of the above analyses, the silver-embedded aluminum/silica nanospheres are eligible for fabricating antibacterial utensils.     

pH sensing reliability of flexible ITO/PET electrodes on EGFETs prepared by a roll-to-roll process

In this work, indium tin oxide (ITO) layers were deposited by radio frequency sputtering using a roll-to-roll process on flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrates as pH-sensing electrodes of extended gate field effect transistors (EGFETs). When the pH sensitivity of EGFETs for ITO layers with different sheet resistances was compared, a higher sensitivity was found for samples with a lower sheet resistance (100 Ω/□), and a reliability evaluation was carried out for this condition. The average sensitivity was 50.1 mV/pH, as measured from pH 2 to pH 12. Over three additional runs, the standard variation of the average sensitivity was found to be ±1.7 mV/pH. The tolerance to light is high; the samples were measured in dark and light conditions, and a difference of only 0.6 mV was observed. The temperatures available for measurement are 25–40 °C. Up to this point, the behavior of samples stored in dry conditions has been found to persist for more than 55 days.     

Robust tracking enhancement of robot systems including motordynamics: a fuzzy-based dynamic game approach

A robust tracking control design of robot systems including motor dynamics with parameter perturbation and external disturbance is proposed in this study via adaptive fuzzy cancellation technique. A minimax controller equipped with a fuzzy-based scheme is used to enhance the tracking performance in spite of system uncertainties and external disturbance. The design procedure is divided into three steps. At first, a linear nominal robotic control design is obtained via model reference tracking with desired eigenvalue assignment. Next, a fuzzy logic system is constructed and then tuned to eliminate the nonlinear uncertainties as possibly as it can to enhance the tracking robustness. Finally, a minimax control scheme is specified to optimally attenuate the worst-case effect of both the residue due to fuzzy cancellation and external disturbance to achieve a minimax tracking performance. In addition, an adaptive fuzzy-based dynamic game theory is introduced to solve the minimax tracking problem. The proposed method is appropriate for the robust tracking design of robotic systems with large parameter perturbation and external disturbance. A simulation example of a two-link robotic manipulator driven by DC motors is also given to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed design method's tracking performance     

Multimode fiber sensing by using mean-absolute speckle-intensity variation

We present a fiber-sensing technique that detects the mean-absolute speckle-intensity variation between the updated and the reference speckle pattern for determining the environmental perturbation factor (e.g., displacement, temperature, pressure, acoustic wave). We show that the proposed technique is highly sensitive and simple. One of the major advantages of the proposed technique is that it can perform a fast-response measurement with off-the-shelf electronic hardware. Experimental data for submicrometer displacement as well as temperature measurement are provided. To extend the dynamic range of the proposed technique, one can use an updated reference speckle pattern.     

交互图在Rose和Together中实现的比较

交互图是面象对象分析设计中一种对系统动态方面进行建模的图,顺序图是交互图中的一种,主要用于强调对象间消息的时间顺序,而且它能够容易地转换为协作图,它在不同的工具软件中实现有所差异。从它具体的实现可以看出工具体现的思想,Rose体现和开拓RUP、UML的思想,而Together是执行。     

Amination of Polyethylene Glycol to Polyetheramine over the Supported Nickel Catalysts

Surface nickel (NiO _x ) species, surface NiAl _x O _y compound, and NiO crystallites are present on the Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts, and the ratio of these nickel species is dependent on the nickel loading. Surface nickel interacts with the TiO₂ support to form a surface nickel titanate compound (NiTiO _x ) which has a lower reducibility. The weak interaction between the surface nickel and the silica support results in the formation of NiO crystallites on the SiO₂ surface. The Ni/Al₂O₃ and Ni/TiO₂ catalysts contain new surface Lewis acid sites and the amount of surface Lewis acid sites increases with increasing nickel concentration. The Ni/SiO₂ catalysts have no sign of the presence of the surface Lewis acid sites. Only the Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts have shown the ammonia adsorption at temperature of 200°C. Supported nickel on alumina catalysts possess the highest amination conversion, and the amine yield increases with increasing nickel loading up to 15% and starts to level off. By comparing amination catalysis with quantitatively TPR studies of the H₂ consumed of the Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts, it appears that the dispersed nickel species are the active sites for amination. In addition, the amination product is mainly the secondary amine due to the presence of water.     

Hiding Sensitive Association Rules with Limited Side Effects

Data mining techniques have been widely used in various applications. However, the misuse of these techniques may lead to the disclosure of sensitive information. Researchers have recently made efforts at hiding sensitive association rules. Nevertheless, undesired side effects, e.g., nonsensitive rules falsely hidden and spurious rules falsely generated, may be produced in the rule hiding process. In this paper, we present a novel approach that strategically modifies a few transactions in the transaction database to decrease the supports or confidences of sensitive rules without producing the side effects. Since the correlation among rules can make it impossible to achieve this goal, in this paper, we propose heuristic methods for increasing the number of hidden sensitive rules and reducing the number of modified entries. The experimental results show the effectiveness of our approach, i.e., undesired side effects are avoided in the rule hiding process. The results also report that in most cases, all the sensitive rules are hidden without spurious rules falsely generated. Moreover, the good scalability of our approach in terms of database size and the influence of the correlation among rules on rule hiding are observed     

Effects of zinc on the interfacial reactions of tin–indium solder joints with copper

Sn-20.0 wt%In (Sn-20.0In) alloy is a promising base material in Pb-free solders for low-temperature applications. Zn is often used as an additive to Pb-free solders to reduce the extent of undercooling during reflow. Cu is the most commonly used substrate in electronics industry. Interfacial stability at Sn–In–Zn/Cu joints is crucial to reliability of electronic products. In this study, interfacial reactions between Sn-20.0 wt%In-x wt%Zn (Sn-20.0In-xZn) solders and Cu where x = 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 5.0 at 150, 230, and 260 °C were experimentally examined. It is found that the reaction phase formation and interfacial morphologies are strongly influenced by Zn concentrations. The reaction phases evolve from the Cu₆Sn₅ phase, CuZn and Cu₅Zn₈ phase, to Cu₅Zn₈ phase with higher Zn doping in the solders. The Cu₅Zn₈ phase acted as a diffusion barrier and suppressed the growth of the Cu₆Sn₅ phase. The results indicate that 2.0 wt%Zn addition resulted in the gentlest reactions during both soldering and solid-state ageing in Sn-20.0In-xZn/Cu couples.