What primary care psychology has to offer the patient-centered medical home.

The Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) proposes a new model to transform the practice of primary health care to one that is patient centered, high quality, continuous, comprehensive, and compassionate. In this paper, the authors provide an updated definition of, and skills needed for, primary care psychology, focused on integrating various psychological approaches with an overarching systemic theory. With this in mind, the authors suggest that primary care psychology can be important to achieving the goals of what some professionals now call the Patient-Centered Health Care Home. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reinforcing value of physical activity as a determinant of child activity level.

This study examined whether the relative reinforcing value of physical activity (RRVPA) measured in the laboratory predicted physical activity measured in the natural environment in 32 6–11-year-old children. RRVPA correlated with physical activity level (r?=?.42, p?r?=?.35, p?     

Movements of brown bullheads in Presque Isle Bay,Lake Erie,Pennsylvania

Presque Isle Bay, Lake Erie, was listed as an Area of Concern (AOC) by the International Joint Commission in part because of the high incidence of external tumor in brown bullheads. Verifying the source of the possible contaminant exposure is critical to addressing the AOC designation. We used telemetry tracking (n = 49 fish) to test the hypothesis that adult bullheads captured within the bay during spawning season do not exit the bay during the post-spawning summer and fall months. We analyzed genetic variation at 15 microsatellite loci for 112 adult fish from 5 locations, 4 inside the bay and 1 outside, in order to test for possible differences. Data from fixed-station receivers suggested fish did not leave Presque Isle Bay during the study period. Predicted locations outside Presque Isle Bay were only 0.1% of all predicted locations and were below the 0.2% error rate based on known manual relocations. However, there was evidence for movement within Presque Isle Bay. Most movement was between Misery Bay or Lagoons and the open bay area. Whereas telemetry results showed tendency for adult site fidelity, genetic results showed no differences among locations, indicating that there is a single panmictic population. Our telemetry data suggest that brown bullheads are likely a useful indicator species for environmental conditions in Presque Isle Bay, since adults likely are retained in the system.     

Using response time measures to assess "guilty knowledge".

How can a suspect's guilt or innocence be reliably tested? The validity of the polygraph, which measures changes in physiological arousal during a "guilty knowledge" test, is controversial (e.g., T. R. Bashore & P. E. Rapp, 1993; T. P. Cross & L. Saxe, 1992; D. T. Lykken, 1998; J. P. Rosenfeld, 1995; R. Steinbrook, 1992). One alternative to the polygraph examines event-related potentials recorded during a memory interference task (L. A. Farwell & E. Donchin, 1991). The present study extended this paradigm to determine whether response times (RTs) can accurately identify participants possessing specific guilty knowledge. Results from Experiment I showed that RT alone can reliably discriminate "guilty" from "innocent" participants. Experiments 2a and 2b indicated that an RT-based paradigm is more resistant to strategic manipulation than previously suggested (Farwell & Donchin, 1991). This RT-based paradigm may be a viable alternative to the polygraph for detecting guilty knowledge. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Concentration and dry deposition of mercury species in arid south central New Mexico (2001-2002)

This research was initiated to characterize atmospheric deposition of reactive gaseous mercury (RGM), particulate mercury (HgP; <2.5 microm), and gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0) in the arid lands of south central New Mexico. Two methods were field-tested to estimate dry deposition of three mercury species. A manual speciation sampling train consisting of a KCl-coated denuder, 2.5 microm quartz fiber filters, and gold-coated quartz traps and an ion-exchange membrane (as a passive surrogate surface) were deployed concurrently over 24-h intervals for an entire year. The mean 24-h atmospheric concentration for RGM was 6.8 pg m(-3) with an estimated deposition of 0.10 ng m(-2) h(-1). The estimated deposition of mercury to the passive surrogate surface was much greater (4.0 ng m(-2) h(-1)) but demonstrated a diurnal pattern with elevated deposition from late afternoon to late evening (1400-2200; 8.0 ng m(-2) h(-1)) and lowest deposition during the night just prior to sunrise (2200-0600; 1.7 ng m(-2) h(-1)). The mean 24-h atmospheric concentrations for HgP and Hg0 were 1.52 pg m(-3) and 1.59 ng m(-3), respectively. Diurnal patterns were observed for RGM with atmospheric levels lowest during the night prior to sunrise (3.8 pg m(-3)) and greater during the afternoon and early evening (8.9 pg m(-3)). Discernible diurnal patterns were not observed for either HgP or Hg0. The total dry deposition of Hg was 5.9 microg m-2 year-' with the contribution from the three species as follows: RGM (0.88 microg m(-2) year(-1)), HgP (0.025 microg m(-2) year(-1)), and Hg0 (5.0 microg m(-2) year(-1)). The annual wet deposition for total mercury throughout the same collection duration was 4.2 microg m(-2) year (-1), resulting in an estimated total deposition of 10.1 microg m(-2) year(-1) for Hg. On one sampling date, enhanced HgP (12 pg m(-3)) was observed due to emissions from a wildfire approximately 250 km to the east.     

Spatial and temporal association of As and Fe species on aquatic plant roots

The formation of an Fe(III) precipitate (plaque) on the surface of aquatic plant roots may provide a means of attenuation and external exclusion of metals. Presently, the mechanisms of metal(loid) sequestration at the root surface are unresolved. Accordingly, we investigated the mechanisms of Fe and As attenuation and association on the roots of two common aquatic plant species, Phalaris arundinacea (reed canarygrass) and Typha latifolia (cattail) using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence microtomography. Iron plaque of both P. arundinacea and T. latifolia consist predominantly of hydrated iron oxides (ferrihydrite) with lesser amounts of goethite and minor levels of siderite. Typha latifolia, however, differs from P. arundinacea by having a significant contribution from lepidocrocite as well as a greater proportion of crystalline minerals. Coexistence of goethite and lepidocrocite suggests the presence of chemically diverse microenvironments at the root surface. Arsenic exists as a combination of two sorbed As species, being comprised predominantly of arsenate- (approximately 82%) with lesser amounts (approximately 18%) of As(III)-iron (hydr)oxide complexes. Furthermore, both spatial and temporal correlations between As and Fe on the root surfaces were observed. While the iron (hydr)oxide deposits form a continuous surficial rind around the root, As exists in isolated regions on the exterior and interior of the root. Root surface-associated As generally corresponds to regions of enhanced Fe levels and may therefore occur as a direct consequence of Fe phase heterogeneity and preferential As sorption reactions.     

Circadian Phase Alteration by GABA and Light Differs in Diurnal and Nocturnal Rodents During the Day.

These studies investigated the circadian effects of light and gamma aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptor activation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the diurnal unstriped Nile grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus). Microinjection of the GABAA agonist muscimol into the SCN during the day produced phase shifts that were opposite in direction to those previously reported in nocturnal rodents. In addition, light had no significant effect on the magnitude of muscimol-induced phase delays during the daytime. Injection of muscimol during the night, however, significantly inhibited light-induced phase delays and advances in a manner similar to that previously reported in nocturnal rodents. Therefore, the circadian effects of GABAA receptor activation are similar in diurnal and nocturnal species during the night but differ significantly during the day. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Quantitative determination of noncovalent binding interactions using automated nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has proven to be an extremely powerful tool for studying biomolecular structures and noncovalent interactions. Here we report a method using a fully automated, chip-based nanoESI-MS system to determine the dissociation constants (Kd) for the complexes of two different proteins with their ligands. The automated nanoelectrospray system, consisting of the NanoMate and ESI chip, serves functionally as a combination of autosampler and nanoelectrospray ionization source. This system provides all the advantages of conventional nanoelectrospray plus automated, high-throughput analyses without carryover. The automated nanoESI system was used to investigate quantitative noncovalent interactions between ribonuclease A (RNase A) and cytidylic acid ligands (2'-CMP, CTP), a well-characterized model protein-ligand complex, and between an inactive endocellulase mutant (Thermobifida fusca Cel6A D117Acd) and four oligosaccharide ligands (cellotriose, cellotetraose, cellopentaose, cellohexaose). Both titration and competitive binding approaches were performed prior to automated nanoESI-MS analysis with a Q-TOF mass spectrometer. Dissociation constants for each complex were calculated from the sum of ion peak areas of free and complexed proteins during the titration and competition experiments. The measured Kd values for the RNase A-CMP and Cel6A D117Acd-G3 complexes were found to be in excellent agreement with the available published values obtained by standard spectroscopic titration techniques. To our knowledge, this is the first report of using an ESI-MS approach to study the interactions between a cellulase and oligosaccharides. The results provide new insights for understanding the nature of cellulase-cellulose interactions.     

Lake Champlain Basin Program: Working together today for tomorrow

Lake Champlain is the sixth largest freshwater lake in the USA. Lake Champlain’s watershed is shared by Vermont and New York in the USA, and Quebec in Canada. The lake’s remarkable drainage area to surface area ratio is 19:1. More than 600 000 people live in the Lake Champlain basin and millions visit each year. The lake’s relatively healthy natural resources sustain a thriving economy. The three most challenging environmental issues facing the Lake Champlain basin are reducing phosphorus pollution, preventing toxic contaminants from entering the lake and managing invasive aquatic species that are not native that threaten native flora and fauna. To effectively address these issues, the Lake Champlain Basin Program (LCBP) believes that all decisions about the lake must be based on accurate, ongoing scientific research and that citizen involvement and inter‐jurisdictional cooperation is vital. The programme has worked hard to identify all citizens and organizations that have a stake in Lake Champlain and draw them into a cooperative, sustainable management process. A 1990 Act of Congress (Public Law 101‐596) established a coordinated framework to study and understand the diverse systems of Lake Champlain and its basin in order to develop a comprehensive management plan to protect and restore lake and watershed resources. A 31‐member multi‐stakeholder board was established to develop the plan, a process that took 5 years and included numerous public meetings. Today, a Steering Committee oversees the implementation of the plan and the activities of the LCBP.     

Toddlers' language development: Sex differences within social risk.

Sex differences in the association between environmental risk and language development were examined in a longitudinal study of 54 high-social-risk families. Measures of the environment included information about family stress and coping, opportunities for cognitive and linguistic stimulation, the nature of learning experiences, and the affective quality of the infant–mother relationship. Despite apparently similar family conditions and early experiences, there were significant sex differences favoring girls on observational measures of spontaneous language production at 20 and 30 mo of age. For the group as a whole, sex differences on standardized tests at 24 and 36 mo of age were nonsignificant. In addition, relations between aspects of the learning environment and children's language performance differed for boys and girls, supporting a moderator interpretation of the findings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)