Analytical expression for the rotational friction coefficient of DLCA aggregates over the entire Knudsen regime

We apply a self-consistent field method (Corson et al. 2017c Corson, J., Mulholland, G. W., and Zachariah, M. R. (2017c). Calculating the Rotational Friction Coefficient of Fractal Aerosol Particles in the Transition Regime using Extended Kirkwood-Riseman Theory. Phys. Rev. E, 96(1):013110.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) to calculate the rotational friction coefficient for fractal aerosol particles in the transition flow regime. Our method considers hydrodynamic interactions between spheres in a rotating aggregate due to the linear velocities of the spheres. Results are consistent with electro-optical measurements of soot alignment. Calculated rotational friction coefficients are also in good agreement with continuum and free molecule results in the limits of small (Kn = 0.01) and large (Kn = 100) primary sphere Knudsen numbers. As we previously demonstrated (Corson et al. 2017b Corson, J., Mulholland, G. W., and Zachariah, M. R. (2017b). Analytical Expression for the Friction Coefficient of DLCA Aggregates based on Extended Kirkwood–Riseman Theory. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 51(6):766–777.[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) for the translational friction coefficient, the rotational friction coefficient approaches the continuum limit as either the primary sphere size and the number of primary spheres increases. We apply our results to develop an analytical expression Equation (26) for the rotational friction coefficient as a function of the primary sphere size and number of primary spheres. One important finding is that the ratio of the translation to rotational diffusion times is nearly independent of cluster size. We include an extension of previous scaling analysis for aerosol aggregates to include rotational motion.

Copyright © 2018 American Association for Aerosol Research     

The effect of electric-field-induced alignment on the electrical mobility of fractal aggregates

We study the effects of electric field strength on the mobility of soot-like fractal aggregates (fractal dimension of 1.78). The probability distribution for the particle orientation is governed by the ratio of the interaction energy between the electric field and the induced dipole in the particle to the energy associated with Brownian forces in the surrounding medium. We use our extended Kirkwood–Riseman method to calculate the friction tensor for aggregates of up to 2000 spheres, with primary sphere sizes in the transition and near-free molecule regimes. Our results for electrical mobility versus field strength are in good agreement with published experimental data for soot, which show an increase in mobility on the order of 8% from random to aligned orientations. Our calculations show that particles become aligned at decreasing field strength as particle size increases because particle polarizability increases with volume. Large aggregates are at least partially aligned at field strengths below 1000 V/cm, though a small change in mobility means that alignment is not an issue in many practical applications. However, improved differential mobility analyzers would be required to take advantage of small changes in mobility to provide shape characterization.

Copyright © 2018 American Association for Aerosol Research     

Resection margins, extrapleural nodal status, and cell type determine postoperative long-term survival in trimodality therapy of malignant pleural mesothelioma: results in 183 patients

OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to identify prognostic variables for long-term postoperative survival in trimodality management of malignant pleural mesothelioma. METHODS: From 1980 to 1997, 183 patients underwent extrapleural pneumonectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. RESULTS: Forty-three women and 140 men (age range 31-76 years) had a median follow-up of 13 months. The perioperative mortality rate was 3.8% (7 deaths) and the morbidity, 50%. Survival in the 176 remaining patients was 38% at 2 years and 15% at 5 years (median 19 months). Univariate analysis identified 3 prognostic variables associated with improved survival: epithelial cell type (52% 2-year survival, 21% 5-year survival, 26-month median survival; P =.0001), negative resection margins (44% at 2 years, 25% at 5 years, median 23 months; P =.02), and extrapleural nodes without metastases (42% at 2 years, 17% at 5 years, median 21 months; P =.004). Using the Cox proportional hazards, the relative risk of death was calculated for nonepithelial cell type (OR 3.0, CI 2.0-4.5; P <.0001), positive resection margins (OR 1.7, CI 1.2-2.6; P =.0082), and metastatic extrapleural nodes (OR 2.0, CI 1.3-3.2; P =.0026). Thirty-one patients with 3 positive variables had the best survival (68% 2-year survival, 46% 5-year survival, median 51 months; P =.013). A previously published staging system using these variables stratified survival (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: (1) Multimodality therapy including extrapleural pneumonectomy is feasible in selected patients with malignant pleural mesotheliomas, (2) pre-resectional evaluation of extrapleural nodes may select patients for radical therapy, (3) microscopic resection margins affect long-term survival, highlighting the need for further investigation of locoregional control, and (4) patients with epithelial, margin-negative, extrapleural node-negative resection had extended survival.     

Data-dependent modulation of solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of complex peptide and phosphopeptide mixtures by tandem mass spectrometry: application to endothelial nitric oxide synthase.

Electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) of peptides in conjunction with automated sequence database searching of the resulting collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra has become a powerful method for the identification of purified proteins or the components of protein mixtures. The success of the method is critically dependent on the manner by which the peptides are introduced into the mass spectrometer. In this report, we describe a capillary electrophoresis-based system for the automated, sensitive analysis of complex peptide mixtures. The system consists of an ESI-MS/MS instrument, a solid-phase extraction (SPE)-capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) device for peptide concentration and separation, and an algorithm written in Instrument Control Language (ICL) which modulates the electrophoretic conditions in a data-dependent manner to optimize available time for the generation of high-quality CID spectra of peptides in complex samples. We demonstrate that the data-dependent modulation of the electric field significantly expands the analytical window for each peptide analyzed and that the sensitivity of the SPE-CZE technique is not noticeably altered by the procedure. By applying the technique to the analysis of in vivo phosphorylation sites of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), we demonstrate the power of this system for the MS/MS analysis of minor peptide species in complex samples such as phosphopeptides generated by the proteolytic digestion of a large protein, eNOS, phosphorylated at low stoichiometry.     

A Five-Phase Reservation Protocol (FPRP) for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

A new single channel, time division multiple access (TDMA)-based broadcast scheduling protocol, termed the Five-Phase Reservation Protocol (FPRP), is presented for mobile ad hoc networks. The protocol jointly and simultaneously performs the tasks of channel access and node broadcast scheduling. The protocol allows nodes to make reservations within TDMA broadcast schedules. It employs a contention-based mechanism with which nodes compete with each other to acquire TDMA slots. The FPRP is free of the hidden terminal problem, and is designed such that reservations can be made quickly and efficiently with negligible probability of conflict. It is fully-distributed and parallel (a reservation is made through a localized conversation between nodes in a 2-hop neighborhood), and is thus scalable. A multihop ALOHA policy is developed to support the FPRP. This policy uses a multihop, pseudo-Bayesian algorithm to calculate contention probabilities and enable faster convergence of the reservation procedure. The performance of the protocol, measured in terms of scheduling quality, scheduling overhead and robustness in the presence of nodal mobility, has been studied via simulations. The results showed that the protocol works very well in all three aspects. Some future work and applications are also discussed.     

Effets de la nature des relations sémantiques sur les processus d'activation entre amorces et cibles associativement liées.

Classical models of knowledge organization assume a structural and functional independence between lexical and semantic information. This independence is warranted by the fact that conceptual activation processes are assumed to be strategic, unlike intra-lexical processes which are automatic. Nevertheless, some experiments seem to show the existence of automatic processes for conceptually but not associatively linked pairs of words. The present experiments reverse the procedure usually used by testing the effect of the kind of conceptual relations in a lexical decision task on targets associatively linked to primes. The results show the existence of effects dependent on the nature of the semantic relations when only the associative strength was assumed to have an influence on priming. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A 5.6-ns random cycle 144-Mb DRAM with 1.4 Gb/s/pin and DDR3-SRAM interface

This paper describes a 144-Mb DRAM that operates at a random cycle of 5.6 ns and is capable of producing data rates of 1.4 Gb/s/pin. The 121-mm/sup 2/ die is fabricated in a 0.13-/spl mu/m logic-based process with embedded DRAM. The cycle time is achieved using an early-write sensing technique that eliminates most of the timing overhead associated with the write cycle. Dynamic-precharge decoding in the subarray decode path is implemented to improve the access time. An improved data-formatting circuit is used to arrange the exit order of the eight-word burst. These circuit techniques produce latencies of 5.0 ns. The DRAM uses a DDR3-SRAM interface and is function and package compatible with industry-standard DDR3 SRAMs. Highlights of the DDR3 interface include the use of active termination circuitry on all inputs. The active termination improves the data-eye window and improves data capturing with minimum data setup and hold.     

Some Reliability Characteristics of CRT Cathode Assemblies

Six types of CRT cathode assembly are described, including the traditional cap-cylindrical shank-ceramic wafer assemblies which have been in use for many years and two of the more modern heat-shield assemblies. The range of operating temperature is no larger than 60 K for either of the heat-shield assemblies and may be as large as 295 K for the older types. Spontaneous variations in temperature of up to 97 K, downward drifts in temperature of as much as 40 K after peak temperature has been reached, and increases of up to 154 K as a result of reprocessing have been observed. These effects are generally much smaller with the heat-shield assemblies. The 60 K range of the heat-shield assemblies implies a variability of more than 4 to 1 in life and performance. The ranges of the older assemblies imply a variability of from 64 to 1 to more than 1000 to 1. The spontaneous variations in temperature are responsible for appreciable changes in the grid bias required to obtain a fixed value of beam current, or, conversely, large changes in the beam current obtained at a fixed grid bias.     

Triptolide directly inhibits dCTP pyrophosphatase

Triptolide is a potent natural product, with documented antiproliferative, immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, antifertility, and antipolycystic kidney disease effects. Despite a wealth of knowledge about the biology of this compound, direct intracellular target proteins have remained elusive. We synthesized a biotinylated photoaffinity derivative of triptolide, and used it to identify dCTP pyrophosphatase 1 (DCTPP1) as a triptolide-interacting protein. Free triptolide interacts directly with recombinant DCTPP1, and inhibits the enzymatic activity of this protein. Triptolide is thus the first dCTP pyrophosphatase inhibitor identified, and DCTPP1 is a biophysically validated target of triptolide.     

Pathology of diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma

Intravenous administration of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) in rats led to an early (within 15 min) decline of hemolytic complement (C) activity in the plasma along with a significant, parallel rise in thromboxane B2 (TXB2) levels. The TXB2 response was inhibited by co-administration of soluble C receptor type 1 (sCR1) with LEH, as well as by C depletion with cobra venom factor. These observations provide evidence for a causal relationship between LEH-induced C activation and TXB2 release, and suggest that sCR1 could be useful in attenuating the acute respiratory, hematological and hemodynamic side effects of LEH described earlier in the rat.