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31.
John J. Guardiola Josiah E. Hardesty Juliane I. Beier Russell A. Prough Craig J. McClain Matthew C. Cave 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(10)
Background: High-level occupational vinyl chloride (VC) exposures have been associated with hepatic hemangiosarcoma, which typically develops following a long latency period. Although VC is genotoxic, a more comprehensive mode of action has not been determined and diagnostic biomarkers have not been established. The purpose of this study is to address these knowledge gaps through plasma metabolomics. Methods: Plasma samples from polyvinyl chloride polymerization workers who developed hemangiosarcoma (cases, n = 15) and VC exposure-matched controls (n = 17) underwent metabolomic analysis. Random forest and bioinformatic analyses were performed. Results: Cases and controls had similar demographics and routine liver biochemistries. Mass spectroscopy identified 606 known metabolites. Random forest analysis had an 82% predictive accuracy for group classification. 60 metabolites were significantly increased and 44 were decreased vs. controls. Taurocholate, bradykinin and fibrin degradation product 2 were up-regulated by greater than 80-fold. The naturally occurring anti-angiogenic phenol, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, was down-regulated 5-fold. Top affected ontologies involved: (i) metabolism of bile acids, taurine, cholesterol, fatty acids and amino acids; (ii) inflammation and oxidative stress; and (iii) nicotinic cholinergic signaling. Conclusions: The plasma metabolome was differentially regulated in polyvinyl chloride workers who developed hepatic hemangiosarcoma. Ontologies potentially involved in hemangiosarcoma pathogenesis and candidate biomarkers were identified. 相似文献
32.
Honglin Chen Hong Yang Yevgenia Briker Craig Fairbridge Oladipo Omotoso Lianhui Ding Ying Zheng Zbigniew Ring 《Catalysis Today》2007,125(3-4):256-262
Pt supported on a carbon molecular sieve (Pt/CMS) was prepared by pyrolysis of polyfurfuryl alcohol containing pre-reduced Pt particles. The catalysts were characterized by hydrogen chemisorption, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption and TEM. Hydrogen chemisorption showed that not all the Pt particles were exposed to H2 molecules. Oxidation treatment made Pt particles more accessible to H2. Catalyst activity was evaluated by hydrogenation of 1-hexene. Hydrogen spillover was demonstrated by diluting Pt/CMS with activated carbon or hydrogen type zeolite Y. The initial conversion of 1-hexene was increased from 86.5% to 98.5% and to 100% when Pt/CMS was diluted with activated carbon and hydrogen type zeolite, respectively. The high initial conversion was sustained for 6 h in the presence of diluents while the conversion decreased quickly for Pt/CMS alone. 相似文献
33.
Byrdwell WC 《Lipids》2001,36(4):327-346
Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometry (MS) has proven to be a very valuable technique for analysis
of lipids from a variety of classes. This instrumental method readily produces useful ions with gentle fragmentation from
large neutral molecules such as triacylglycerols and carotenoids, which are often difficult to analyze using other techniques.
Molecules that are easily ionized, such as phospholipids, produce molecular ions and diagnostically useful fragment ions that
are complementary to those produced by methods such as electrospray ionization MS with collision-induced dissociation. The
simplicity and versatility of APCI-MS make it an ideal tool for use in solving hitherto very difficult analytical problems. 相似文献
34.
35.
Xuqi Song John R. Grace Hsiaotao Bi C. Jim Lim Edward Chan Brian Knapper Craig McKnight 《加拿大化工杂志》2006,84(2):161-169
The hydrodynamics of fluid cokers were studied in a pressurized fully cylindrical cold model of diameter 483 mm, geometrically and dynamically scaled down by a factor of ~20 from commercial units. Differential pressure fluctuations, voidage distributions, solids momentum flux distributions and steady state gas mixing behaviour in the reactor section are compared for the same operating conditions with two kinds of particles, FCC and fluid coke. The voidage distributions and core‐annular flow structures in the reactor section were similar enough that either FCC or fluid coke particles can be used for cold modelling of fluid cokers. 相似文献
36.
Frank Zok Orfeo Sbaizero Craig L. Hom Anthony G. Evans 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1991,74(1):187-193
The mode I fracture resistance of a ceramic matrix composite has been measured. Simultaneous observations have revealed that the resistance is dominated by frictional dissipation upon the pullout of fibers that fracture in the crack wake off the crack plane. Numerical and analytical crack growth simulations have been compared with the experimental results. One important feature in this comparison concerns the occurrence of large-scale bridging. With these effects taken into account, the simulations and the experiments are found to be in good correspondence for acceptable magnitudes of the interface sliding stress. 相似文献
37.
A block copolymer nanotemplate for mechanically tunable polarized emission from a conjugated polymer
A polymer blend system consisting of polystyrene grafted onto poly (p-phenylene ethynylene) (PS-g-PPE) and poly (styrene-block-isoprene-block-styrene) triblock copolymer (SIS) yields highly polarized emission due to the unidirectional alignment of the PPE molecules. During the roll casting, the triblock copolymer microphase separates and creates unidirectionally aligned PS cylindrical microdomains in the rubbery PI matrix. PPE, a fluorescent conjugated polymer, was grafted with polystyrene (PS) side chains that enabled sequestration and alignment of these rigid backbone emitter molecules into the PS microdomains of the SIS triblock copolymer. Deforming the thermoplastic elastomer in a direction perpendicular to the orientation direction of the cylinders causes rotation of the PS cylinders and the PPE emitter molecules and affords tunable polarized emission due to re-orientation of the PPE containing PS cylinders as well as film thinning from Poisson effect. 相似文献
38.
John A. Byers David L. Wood John Craig Larry B. Hendry 《Journal of chemical ecology》1984,10(6):861-877
Quantities of attractive (exo-brevicomin and frontalin) and inhibitory (trans-verbenol, verbenone, and ipsdienol) pheromones were monitored in both sexes ofDendroctonus brevicomis during their colonization of a ponderosa pine. Verbenone was found in males in the greatest amounts at the time of landing, and it declined more rapidly than the other pheromones in either sex. The amounts of frontalin andexo-brevicomin in males and females, respectively, increased after initial boring within the host but began to decline after mating. The quantity oftrans-verbenol in both sexes (females had significantly more) declined more gradually thanexo-brevicomin, frontalin, and verbenone. Ipsdienol was found only in males during the initial stages of attack when encountering the resin. It is suggested that along with a general decline in all pheromonal components, a sufficient change in the ratio of the attractive pheromones to an inhibitory pheromone,trans-verbenol, may play a role in termination of aggregation.trans-Verbenol may also function along with verbenone and ipsdienol in limiting the density of attack and thus intraspecific competition. These inhibitory pheromones also appear to cause several competing species of bark beetle to avoid landing in areas infested withD. brevicomis, even when their own pheromone is present.Coleoptera:Scolytidae. These studies were supported in part by the Rockefeller Foundation, USDA Forest Service, Regional research project W-110, SEA/ USDA, and the National Science Foundation and Environmental Protection Agency through a grant (NSF GB-34719/BMS 75-04223) to the University of California. 相似文献
39.
M. F. Kozempel R. L. Stabile J. C. Craig H. I. Sinnamon N. C. Aceto 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1978,55(4):A333-A337
A continuous process for the commercial production of isopropenyl stearate (IPS) from triple pressed stearic acid and a stabilized form of propyne has been developed. Cost estimates, including capital costs, operating costs, and profitability, for commercial scale plant production which show the process to be economically feasible are presented. This potentially profitable process offers the advantages of reliable raw material sources, minimal external thermal requirements, and usable process waste streams. For a plant producing 5 million pounds of IPS per year, the selling price range is 80 to 107 cents/lb IPS, corresponding to a raw material cost range of 27 to 54 cents/lb of IPS. For a 20 million pound per year plant, the selling price range is 58 to 85 cents/lb IPS. The selling prices include a 20% annual return on fixed capital investment. Fixed capital requirement ranges from 2.7 to 10.9 million dollars (3rd quarter, 1975) for plants ranging in size from 5 to 50 million pounds of IPS per year, respectively. 相似文献
40.
A program to demonstrate high temperature hyperfiltration to renovate hot industrial wastewater for direct recycle is in Phase 2; the installation of a ~10m /hr membrane system to achieve closed cycle operation of a textile dye range. Hydrous-zirconium oxide-polyacrylate (ZOPA) membranes dynamically formed on porous sintered stainless steel tubes arranged in a Single Pass system will be supplied by the Mott-Brandon Corporation. Phase I of the program involved on-site pilot testing of several membranes, the procurement of competitive bids for the membrane system and the complete installation including all interface controls required for the dye operation.The 180°F (82°C) dye wash water contains residual dyes, auxiliary detergent and wetting agents, and guar gum. The total solids in the wash water range from 130 to 7000mg/l with the suspended solids ranging from 2 to 90 mg/l. The membrane system will be operated at 96% recovery. The concentrated residue is being studied for reuse or ultimate disposal through evaporation and/ or incineration. The performance of the membranes during the pilot tests, the laboratory evaluation of the reuse, and the complete recovery system are described. 相似文献