高级氧化技术处理煤化工废水研究进展

高级氧化技术是一种新型高效绿色的水处理技术,该技术可以克服传统物化法、生化法的技术缺点,提高废水的可生化性和降解效率。综述了臭氧与非均相催化臭氧氧化技术、催化湿式氧化技术、超声波氧化技术、电化学氧化技术、光催化氧化技术、超临界水氧化技术、芬顿(Fenton)氧化技术等高级氧化技术处理煤化工废水的研究现状,对这些技术做出了评价和比较,并对今后的研究方向提出了建议,即深入研究高级氧化技术的反应机理、优化反应设备、降低反应成本,以达到推进高级氧化技术工业化进程的目的。     

Effects of Four Different Drying Methods on the Quality Characteristics of Peeled Litchis (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)

Four different drying methods, namely, air drying (AD), microwave-assisted vacuum drying (MWVD), coupled microwave–hot air drying (MWAD), and freeze drying (FD), were studied, in terms of drying time, color, reducing sugar content, shrinkage, microstructure, and sensory evaluation. The drying rate of MWVD and MWAD were notably faster than that of AD and FD. The highest reducing sugar content was observed in MWAD, followed by MWVD. No significant differences were observed in reducing sugar between air-dried and freeze-dried products. FD had the best color and shrinkage among the other drying methods. The color and shrinkage of MWVD drying is close to the fresh litchis and much better than hot air and MWAD. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the MWVD and FD litchis have a porous structure, whereas AD and MWAD litchis have a compact structure. The sensory evaluation suggests that peeled litchis dried by the four studied drying methods are of a quality that is accepted by consumers.     

Different microstructure BaO–B2O3–SiO2 glass/ceramic composites depending on high-temperature wetting affinity

In this work, we propose a simple but effective method to fabricate BaO–B₂O₃–SiO₂ glass/ceramic composites with different microstructures that depend on the high-temperature wetting affinity. The experimental results showed that the wetting affinity between oxide ceramic and the BaO–B₂O₃–SiO₂ glass matrix could strongly affect the driving force of densification and crystallization and finally the microstructure of the glass/ceramic composites. It was found that suitable amounts of alumina powders could obviously increase the driving force for sintering of glass by increasing the capillary pressure. In this case, the contact angle between alumina and glass matrix is about 24° at high temperature and a densified and homogeneous microstructure of glass/alumina composite was obtained. On the contrary, rutile powders additive was found to result in higher phase separation and crystallization during the sintering of glass/rutile composites. In this case, the contact angle between rutile and glass matrix is about 124° at high temperature, and the sintered body has a lower dielectric loss than the sample with alumina additive. Therefore, the microstructure and dielectric property of glass/ceramic composites could be controlled by adjusting the ceramic composition and wetting affinity between ceramic additive and glass matrix in our study.     

钌基催化剂用于直接法合成气制低碳烯烃反应

以γ-Al₂O₃为载体,通过等体积浸渍法制备钌基催化剂,用其进行催化CO加氢,研究制低碳烯烃反应中钌基催化剂的催化性能,考察催化剂的焙烧温度、工艺条件及碱金属助剂Na对钌基催化剂CO加氢反应的影响。结果发现,焙烧温度400 ℃制备的钌基催化剂具有最大的比表面积,在反应温度220 ℃、反应压力1.0 MPa和空速1 500 mL·(h·g)^-1条件下,可以保证较高的CO转化率及低碳烯烃选择性。碱金属助剂Na提高了催化剂催化活性,Na质量分数为4%6%时,钌基催化剂表现出最佳的CO转化率及低碳烯烃选择性。     

丙烯酸β-羟丙酯/乙烯基吡咯烷酮共聚物及其水凝胶的合成和温敏行为的研究

用自由基共聚法合成了一系列 β-羟丙酯 (β-HPAT)和乙烯基吡咯烷酮 (NVP)的共聚物及其水凝胶。发现共聚物的水溶液有敏锐的温敏行为 ,最低汇溶温度 (LCST)随 NVP含量的增加而升高 ,随着反应单体总浓度的增加 ,相变敏锐性下降且 LCST也随之下降。通过考察水凝胶的溶胀率 (SR) ,发现共聚凝胶在适当的单体浓度、交联剂浓度和较宽的单体浓度配比范围内 ,有较灵敏的温敏行为     

过氧酸和DMD的性能及其在纸浆漂白中的应用

过氧酸和二氧环丙酮是类强的亲电氧化试剂 ,在反应中可有效转移氧原子。文章综述了这类氧化剂的性能及在纸浆漂白中的作用 ,作为可替代传统氯气漂白的最有希望的无污染漂剂 ,采用过氧酸和二氧环丙酮可实现纸浆的全无氯漂白     

含油MC尼龙的摩擦磨损特性及应用

本文对黑龙江省尼龙厂研制的含油MC尼龙的摩擦磨损性能进行了测试,并与英国尼拉卡斯特有限公司生产的含油MC尼龙进行了比较。结果表明国产含油尼龙的性能基本达到或超过进口材料,比普通MC尼龙和固体润滑剂改性MC尼龙的耐磨减摩自润滑性有明显改善。最后对含油MC尼龙在造纸和橡胶工业上的成功应用做了介绍。     

变压吸附法分离H_2－CO_2气体混合物

采用变压吸附法进行Ｈ２－ＣＯ２气体混合物的分离研究。通过对不同吸附剂的吸附性能比较试验，选取１３ｘ分子筛为本研究体系的吸附剂。在３塔变压吸附装置上进行了变压吸附过程试验；对不同的原料气组成，在不同的吸附压力、原料气量、再生压力、再生气量以及再生时间条件下，分别测定了变压吸附的动态吸附能参数；考察了这些参数对吸附分离过程的影响；得到了一些较为实用的工艺参数。用线性推动力模型对变压吸附的全过程进行了模拟，采用正交配置法对模型求数值解，较好地预测了实验结果。     

吡唑类化合物的研究Ⅲ.1-苯基-3-羟基-4-苯甲酰基-5-吡唑酮的合成及其性质

合成的标题化合物为新螫合剂。质谱、红外、紫外及元素分析确定了化合物的结构.还测定了酸式电离平衡常数。     

迎头色谱法测ZSM—5分子筛的表面酸性

本文介绍了用有机碱的迎头色谱法配合TPD技术测定ZSM-5分子筛催化剂的表面酸性,以甲醇转化高辛烷值汽油的HZSM—5催化剂为例,观察到了它有与Y型及氢丝光沸石不同的高温部分强酸峰,因此它能使甲醇转化成高辛烷值汽油,随着催化剂再生次数的增加,酸量逐渐减少,强酸峰顶温度向低温方向转移,油品中芳烃含量也逐渐降低。这一方法的建立,为进一步了解在HZSM—5催化剂上甲醇转化成高辛烷值汽油的机理提供了有价值的信息。