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101.
102.
David J. Lawrence Brianna L. Smith Cameron D. Collard Keyton A. Elliott Kyle L. Fakhoury Jeffery D. Mangold Anna N. Soyka 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(2):1642-1655
Monolithically-integrated tandem photoanodes were fabricated on substrates consisting of epitaxial n-GaAs1-xPx (x ? 0.32) grown on n+-GaAs wafers. A p+-n junction photovoltaic (PV) cell was first formed by zinc diffusion into the n-GaAs0.68P0.32 from a deposited ZnO coating. After diffusion the ZnO serves as a transparent electrical contact to the resulting p+-GaAs0.68P0.32 surface layer. Transparent, conducting SnO2:F provides chemical and mechanical protection for the ZnO and the underlying PV cell, and it electrically connects this cell to a top BiVO4 photocatalyst layer. In some photoanodes, a WO3 thin film was interposed between the SnO2:F and BiVO4. All oxide coatings were produced by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis except WO3, which was spin coated. Unassisted (unbiased) solar water splitting was achieved, with a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency approaching 2%, without addition of any co-catalyst to the BiVO4 surface. This work can provide insights to other researchers regarding scalable, low cost approaches for the planar monolithic integration of oxide photoanode materials with PV cells to create new tandem devices. 相似文献
103.
Ci̇velekler Ebru Okur Volkan D. Afacan Kamil B. 《Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment》2021,80(7):5589-5607
Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - Local soil characteristics play a key role in determining soil-structure interaction and reliability of the superstructure behavior under... 相似文献
104.
In this paper, implementation of the Benchmark Simulation Model No 2 (BSM2) within Matlab-Simulink is presented. The BSM2 is developed for plant-wide WWTP control strategy evaluation on a long-term basis. It consists of a pre-treatment process, an activated sludge process and sludge treatment processes. Extended evaluation criteria are proposed for plant-wide control strategy assessment. Default open-loop and closed-loop strategies are also proposed to be used as references with which to compare other control strategies. Simulations indicate that the BM2 is an appropriate tool for plant-wide control strategy evaluation. 相似文献
105.
A. A. Salem S. R. Kalidindi R. D. Doherty S. L. Semiatin 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2006,37(1):259-268
Novel experiments were conducted to elucidate the effect of deformation twinning on the mechanical response of high-purity
α-titanium deformed at room temperature. Orientation-imaging microscopy (OIM), microhardness, and nanohardness evaluations
were employed in conjunction with optical microscopy and quasi-static compression testing to obtain insight into the deformation
mechanisms. Hardness measurements revealed that the newly formed deformation twins were harder than the matrix. This observation
is perhaps the first experimental evidence for the Basinski mechanism for hardening associated with twinning, arising from
the transition of glissile dislocations to a sessile configuration upon the lattice reorientation by twinning shear. This
work also provided direct evidence for two competing effects of deformation twinning on the overall stress-strain response:
(1) hardening via both a reduction of the effective slip length (Hall-Petch effect) and an increase in the hardness of twinned regions (Basinski
mechanism) and (2) softening due to the lattice reorientation of the twinned regions. 相似文献
106.
107.
Martins Silvia S.; Mazzotti Guido; Chilcoat Howard D. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2006,14(3):275
Background: Despite increases in ecstasy (MDMA) use in the United States, little is known about characteristics linked with recent-onset ecstasy use, especially psychiatric symptoms and deviant behaviors. Aims: To test whether individuals with high levels of other drug use are more likely to be recent-onset ecstasy users; to test whether psychiatric symptoms in adults are associated with recent-onset ecstasy use; to explore the association between recent-onset ecstasy use and concomitant deviant behaviors in adolescents and adults. Methods: Data from the 2001 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Findings: Recent-onset ecstasy use was significantly more likely to occur among adolescents and adults (18-34 years old) who engaged in deviant behaviors during the past year as compared with those who did not engage in deviant behaviors during the past year. Higher levels of deviancy indicated a higher likelihood of being a recent-onset ecstasy user, and associations were strongest with nonviolent deviant behaviors such as selling illegal drugs and stealing. Associations between deviant behaviors and recent-onset ecstasy use were similar in strength to associations between deviant behaviors and recent-onset cocaine and marijuana use, respectively. Adults who had past-year psychiatric symptoms (both depressive and panic symptoms) were twice as likely to be recent-onset ecstasy users as compared with those without past-year psychiatric symptoms. Greater levels of drug involvement increased the odds of being a recent-onset ecstasy user. Conclusion: Recent-onset ecstasy use seems to be associated with a range of other behavioral problems and may reflect one aspect of a larger problem behavior syndrome. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
108.
D. A. Mirzaev N. I. Vorob’ev O. K. Tokovi D. V. Shaburov E. A. Fominykh 《Russian Metallurgy (Metally)》2006,(1):38-41
The solutions to a differential equation for the problem of heating of a cylinder in a medium with a fixed temperature are used to obtain equations for estimating the change in the hydrogen concentration in forgings from data on the hydrogen concentration at the cylinder axis or on the average bulk hydrogen concentration. Similar equations are also obtained for forgings having square cross sections. The calculation demonstrates that, for the case of a twofold decrease in the hydrogen concentration in a forging, the calculated times of annealing of a cylindrical forging differ by three times. 相似文献
109.
In this study, feasibility of membrane separation for the removal of indigenous noroviruses (NVs) is evaluated. The indigenous NV gene was never detected from ultrafiltration (UF) permeates of sewage sludge and treated wastewater. Indigenous NV gene was also not detected from permeates of sewage sludge and treated wastewater by microfiltration (MF) with a pore size of 0.1 microm (MF0.1). Even though the pore size of MF (0.1 microm) was much larger than the diameter of virus particle (approximately 30-40nm), more than 4-log10 reduction value (LRV) at maximum was achieved by membrane separation with MF0.1. NV genes were often detected from permeates of sewage sludge and treated wastewater by MF with a pore size of 0.45 microm (MF0.45), although the maximum log10 reduction values were more than 3.59 for sewage sludge and more than 2.90 for treated wastewater. It is important to verify factors determining the removal efficiency of viruses with MF membranes. 相似文献
110.
A. Yu. Pustynnikov V. G. Ryabov D. T. Kalimullin A. N. Nechaev Ya. A. Treskov 《Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils》2006,42(3):188-191
Paving-and roofing-grade asphalts were obtained at LUKOIL-Permnefteorgsintez Ltd. by mixing peroxidized asphalt and a number
of high-boiling unoxidized petroleum products in certain ratios. The asphalts obtained have improved performance characteristics:
high plasticity and low brittleness temperature.
__________
Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 26–28, May–June, 2006. 相似文献