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991.
D. D. Edwall 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1993,22(8):847-851
Etch pit density and spatial compositional uniformity data are presented for organometallic vapor phase epitaxial Hg1−x Cdx Te grown by the direct alloy and interdiffused growth methods. For alloy growth, composition variation is as low as Δx=0.004
and 0.02 over 2- and 3-in diam areas, respectively; while for growth on CdZnTe substrates, etch pit density values lower than
2×105 cm−2 have been achieved. For interdiffused growth on CdZnTe, etch pit density values lower than 5×105 cm−2 have been obtained, while the composition variation is usually Δx≤0.004 and 0.014 over 2- and 3-in diam areas, respectively.
Data demonstrate that the choice of particular CdZnTe substrate strongly affects the subsequent etch pit density measured
in the layer. Reasonably uniform n-type doping over 3-in diam area using the source triethylgallium is also reported for both
growth methods. 相似文献
992.
J. K. Richard Weber† Collin D. Anderson Dennis R. Merkley Paul C. Nordine† 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1995,78(3):577-582
Solidification of aluminum oxide from undercooled melts was investigated in containerless experiments. Specimens were levitated in a gas jet, stabilized with an acoustic positioning device, and melted with cw CO2 laser beams. Cooling curves were obtained by optical pyrometry when the laser intensity was reduced. The materials examined were high-purity Verneuil sapphire, 99.5% polycrystalline alumina, and oxide materials recovered from the effluent of an aluminum-fueled rocket motor. The degree of undercooling, the apparent temperature behavior during the thermal arrest on solidification, and the structure of the materials formed were different in argon and oxygen atmospheres. Undercooling of the sapphire and alumina materials was 360 ± 10 K in an oxygen atmosphere and approximately 450 K in argon. Melting and solidification of high-purity sapphire resulted in a dendritic and porous polycrystalline material in oxygen. Dense, larger crystals were obtained in argon. Products formed from 99.5% alumina were discolored and the cores were white, indicating impurity segregation effects. More reproducible behavior was observed for the sapphire and 99.5% alumina than for the tungstencontaminated rocket motor effluent materials. 相似文献
993.
The authors highlight several possible ways in which the construction industry could lower present emissions of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide. It is an excellent discussion document and is recommended reading. 相似文献
994.
G. M. Gusev X. Kleber U. Gennser D. K. Maude J. C. Portal D. I. Lubyshev P. Basmaji M. de P. A. Silva J. C. Rossi Yu. V. Nastaushev M. R. Baklanov 《Solid-state electronics》1996,40(1-8):441-446
Electron scattering by a single barrier is predicted to reveal singularities as the magnetic field is changed, because the number of electron collisions with the barrier dramatically increases as chaotic orbits around the barrier are changed into periodic orbits. To test this experimentally we have measured the magnetoresistance of AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures with a two-dimensional electron gas and a lateral lattice containing a macroscopic number of oval-shaped antidots fabricated using electron lithography. Reproducible fluctuations in the magnetoresistance are observed at low field, which are due to the oscillations of the number of electron collisions with the antidots. The number of collisions N before the electron escapes from the antidot has been calculated as a function of B in an electric field. The position of the maxima in N(B) obtained from calculations and experiment are in reasonable agreement. 相似文献
995.
A laser pumped zig-zag dye laser operating at 568 nm with a pulse length ~2 μs has been sealed to high power using a MOPA configuration. Pulse energies in excess of 7 J with beam quality <2 XDL have been achieved under repetitively pulsed, 10 Hz operation. RMS jitter was measured as 0.12 of a 1 XDL spot. The device has operated with over 70 W output for runs up to 5 s. Substantially longer run times and output powers are possible. This device represents an advance in dye laser capabilities. Improvement in pointing accuracy of better than an order of magnitude have been demonstrated. In addition, an improvement in beam quality by about an order of magnitude has been achieved compared to other dye lasers operating in this power range 相似文献
996.
997.
J. S. Kim D. G. Seiler R. A. Lancaster M. B. Reine 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1996,25(8):1215-1220
Variable-magnetic-field Hall measurements (0 to 1.5 T) are performed on very-narrow-gap bulk-grown Hg1−xCdxTe single crystals (0.165 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) at various temperatures (10 to 300K). The electron densities and mobilities are obtained
within the one-carrier (electrons) approximation of the reduced-con-ductivity-tensor scheme. The present data together with
the selected data set reported by other workers exhibit a pronounced peak when the electron mobility is plotted against the
alloy composition x-value which has been predicted to be due to the effective-mass minimum at the bandgap-crossing (Eg ≈ 0). The observed position (x ≈ 0.165), height (≈4 x 102 m2Vs), and width (≈0.01 in x) of the mobility-peak can be explained by a simple simulation involving only ionized-impurity scattering.
A lower bound of the effective mass is introduced as a fitting parameter to be consistent with the finiteness of the observed
electron mobility and is found to be of the order of 10−4 of the mass of a free electron. 相似文献
998.
R. C. Pennefather D. H. Boone 《International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping》1996,66(1-3):351-358
Cyclic oxidation tests were performed on a large variety of commercially available overlay coatings. The results of cyclic oxidation tests confirmed that the composition of the coating as well as the processing method of the coating can affect the life of the system. Coating life was determined by the time to coating penetration and initiation of substrate attack. As this work was part of a effort to evaluate the relative protectiveness of available coating systems for Industrial Gas Turbine applications at relatively high temperature, an extensive testing programme was undertaken. The different coatings were tested to visual failure. The results presented in this paper concentrate on the surface instability of the coating. Apart from usual oxidation of the coating an additional degradation mechanism was observed. A mechanical effect caused by the instability of the coating as a result of the difference in the thermal coefficient of expansion and mechanical properties between the substrate and coating. This effect, the so-called “rumpling” effect, resulted in a significant reduction in time to penetration and was in some systems the life controlling factor. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Ionic conductivity in poly(vinyl butyral) based polymeric electrolytes: Effect of solvents and salts
Li+ conductive solid polymeric electrolytes (SPEs) have been prepared by complexing Li salts LiX (X = I, SCN, CLO4, CF3SO3) with poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) an amorphous polymer with a low Tg value and well known for its outstanding laminating properties. These self-supporting SPEs have been prepared by the solution cast technique using cyclohexanone, tetrahydrofuran, and n-butyl alcohol as solvents. The XRD and DSC investigations correlated to measured ionic conductivities have revealed that in addition to the amorphous nature of the resulting complex, its Tg value, the concentration and the values of the lattice energies of the complexing salts, the solvent used in making the SPEs also govern the value of ionic conductivity. Highest ionic conductivity values attained in SPEs made with n-butyl alcohol are explained in terms of the interception of the hydrogen bonding due to solvation. 相似文献