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961.
D. Swenson 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2007,18(1-3):39-54
Most lead-free solders comprise tin (Sn) as the majority component, and nominally pure β-Sn is the majority phase in the microstructure
of these solders. It is well established that nucleation of β-Sn from Sn-base liquid alloys is generally difficult. Delays
in the onset of β-Sn formation have a profound effect upon the microstructural development of solidified Sn-base alloys. Utilizing
stable and metastable phase diagrams, along with solidification principles, the effects of inhibited β-Sn nucleation on microstructural
development are discussed, employing the widely studied Sn–Ag–Cu (SAC) alloy as a model system. This analysis shows that the
main effect of suppressed β-Sn nucleation on near-eutectic SAC solders is to increase the number and/or volume fraction of
primary or primary-like microconstituents, while simultaneously decreasing the volume fraction of eutectic microconstituent.
General strategies are outlined for avoiding unwanted microconstituent development in these materials, including the use of
metastable phase diagrams for selecting alloy compositions, employment of inoculants to promote β-Sn nucleation, and utilization
of high cooling rates to limit solid phase growth. Finally, areas for future research on the development of inoculated Sn-base
solder alloys are outlined. 相似文献
962.
Squeeze-film effects of perforated plates for small amplitude vibration are analyzed through modified Reynolds equation (MRE).
The analytical analysis reckons in most important influential factors: compressibility of the air, border effects, and the
resistance caused by vertical air flow passing through perforated holes. It is found that consideration of air compressibility
is necessary for high operating frequency and small ratio of the plate width to the attenuation length. The analytical results
presented in this paper agree with ANSYS simulation results better than that under the air incompressibility assumption. The
analytical analysis can be used to estimate the squeeze-film effects causing damping and stiffness added to the system. Since
the value of Reynolds number involved in this paper is low (< 1), inertial effects are neglected. 相似文献
963.
V. V. Emtsev P. Ehrhart D. S. Poloskin K. V. Emtsev 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2007,18(7):711-714
Production processes of electrically active defects in degenerate silicon subjected to 2.5 MeV electron irradiation at T = 4.2 K and T = 300 K have been studied. The production rates of primary and secondary defects in irradiated samples are analyzed on the basis
of the known properties of radiation-produced defects in Si. It has been demonstrated that a striking difference in the production
rates of electrically active defects in n- and p-Si under irradiation at cryogenic temperatures may be related to the different
fate of Frenkel pairs in both materials. The production rate of primary defects in degenerate Si was found to be between 1.5 cm−1 and 2 cm−1. 相似文献
964.
Sankaralingam K. Nagarajan R. Haiming Liu Changkyu Kim Jaehyuk Huh Burger D. Keckler S.W. Moore C. 《Micro, IEEE》2003,23(6):46-51
The Tera-op reliable intelligently adaptive processing system (TRIPS) architecture seeks to deliver system-level configurability to applications and runtime systems. It does so by employing the concept of polymorphism, which permits the runtime system to configure the hardware execution resources to match the mode of execution and demands of the compiler and application. 相似文献
965.
Two experiments involving 99 undergraduate participants sought to examine the influence of mood states on encoding speed within lexical decision and pronunciation tasks. Mood states were measured naturalistically in Experiment 1 and manipulated in Experiment 2. Stimuli consisted of nouns representing useful (e.g., food) and nonuseful (e.g., lint) objects. Mood states had no implications for initial encoding speed. However, when the same words were presented a 2nd time (i.e., repeated), happy individuals displayed a tendency to encode useful words faster than nonuseful ones. Thus, mood states influenced repetition priming on the basis of stimulus valence. The authors propose that happiness sensitizes individuals to useful or rewarding objects, which in turn creates a stronger memory trace for such stimuli in the future. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
966.
967.
H. Tsukamoto T.D. Boone J. Han J.M. Woodall 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2005,17(7):1411-1413
We present a novel optical switching technique utilizing emission packet positioning of semiconductor heterostructure. A modulation-doped p-AlGaAs-GaAs heterostructure is employed to control spontaneous emission packet positioning with electric fields. Emission packets generated by optical input signals are brought over 150 /spl mu/m with electric fields, so the output fibers can detect the emission intensity as signals. The first-order analysis indicates that the drift velocity of minority electrons in GaAs limits the detectable maximum data rate and nanoseconds timescale signal routing operation at 20 Gb/s is possible at an electron drift velocity of 2/spl times/10/sup 7/ cm/s. 相似文献
968.
This paper presents new inverse modeling for synchronous reluctance motor (SyRM). This modeling is valid when the inductances are sinusoidal or nonsinusoidal and even when the machine is saturated. This technique involves the generation of constant torque curves as a function of two-phase currents in the Concordia's reference frame when the rotor angle is fixed. We also introduce an experimental method to obtain directly the inverse modeling. This practical method takes into account the saturation of the motor. This technique allows the reduction of the low torque ripple in the case of nonsinusoidal inductances. 相似文献
969.
For logistics centers the disposition and dispatch of goods has reached a high standard of automation. However, the trucks and trailers bringing and taking wares are driven manually. This offers a enormous potential for automation for the yards of logistics centers. The availability of this potential is correlated to the autonomous forward and backward motion control for standard transportation vehicles. By an experimental system it has been shown that truck and trailer can be maneuvered autonomously at a high degree of precision. For purposes of safety it is necessary to guarantee that at any instant of time the vehicle is within some predefined area. Therefore, this paper introduces the principle of safe cover segments which are never left by the vehicle in motion and defines rules for the connection of such segments forming a safe corridor. 相似文献
970.
B. Dagens A. Martinez D. Make O. Le Gouezigou J.-G. Provost V. Sallet K. Merghem J.-C. Harmand A. Ramdane B. Thedrez 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2005,17(5):971-973
Among the new semiconductor materials for telecom devices, the GaInNAs-GaAs structure presents interesting properties for low-cost applications, like high differential gain and high T/sub 0/. Another key aspect of the performance is the behavior of the GaInNAs-GaAs based lasers under high bit rate direct modulation. Here, we demonstrate the dynamic capabilities of GaInNAs-GaAs three-quantum-well ridge structure through 2.5-Gb/s directly modulated laser emission and transmission on standard fiber, in the temperature range 25/spl deg/C-85/spl deg/C. Besides transmission is demonstrated up to 10 Gb/s at 25/spl deg/C on the same fiber, without penalty and bit-error-rate floor. 相似文献