The Migration of Multi-tier E-commerce Applications to an Enterprise Java Environment

As technology evolves, many organizations face the problem of migrating legacy applications from one technology base to another. We report on a case study involving the migration of legacy code into the IBM® WebSphere® Commerce Suite product. Specifically, we focus on the problem of migrating applications that use traditional database access techniques to applications using the Enterprise JavaBean (EJB) programming model. Our results include a practical methodology that facilitates such migration, as well as a tool that supports this methodology. The tool has been released on IBM's alphaWorks site.     

光电导及光反射法测量AlGaN薄膜的Al组分

ＡｌＧａＮ／ＧａＮ异质结兰光激光器和发光管近年来得到很大的发展．高速和高功率的ＡｌＧａＮ／ＧａＮ异质结场效应管（ＨＦＥＴ）的研究也得到很大的重视．ＡｌＧａＮ 薄层中的Ａｌ组分是决定此类器件的设计和性能的一个重要参量． 传统的测量组分的方法如ＸＰＳ和Ａｕｇｅｒ等方法需要大型的仪器,而且大多数方法是破坏性的,注意到ＡｌＧａＮ的禁带宽度Ｅｇ和Ａｌ组分有直接的关系,可以通过光学方法先测出Ｅｇ,用下式推算出Ａｌ的组分： Ｅｇ（ＡｌＧａＮ）＝ Ｅｇ（ＧａＮ）（１－ｘ）＋Ｅｇ（ＡｌＮ）ｘ－ｂｘ（１－ｘ）．其中ｘ是…     

The Molecular Mechanisms of Actions,Effects, and Clinical Implications of PARP Inhibitors in Epithelial Ovarian Cancers: A Systematic Review

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the United States. Some patients affected by ovarian cancers often present genome instability with one or more of the defects in DNA repair pathways, particularly in homologous recombination (HR), which is strictly linked to mutations in breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA 1) or breast cancer susceptibility gene 2 (BRCA 2). The treatment of ovarian cancer remains a challenge, and the majority of patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancers experience relapse and require additional treatment despite initial therapy, including optimal cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and platinum-based chemotherapy. Targeted therapy at DNA repair genes has become a unique strategy to combat homologous recombination-deficient (HRD) cancers in recent years. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), a family of proteins, plays an important role in DNA damage repair, genome stability, and apoptosis of cancer cells, especially in HRD cancers. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have been reported to be highly effective and low-toxicity drugs that will tremendously benefit patients with HRD (i.e., BRCA 1/2 mutated) epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) by blocking the DNA repair pathways and inducing apoptosis of cancer cells. PARP inhibitors compete with NAD⁺ at the catalytic domain (CAT) of PARP to block PARP catalytic activity and the formation of PAR polymers. These effects compromise the cellular ability to overcome DNA SSB damage. The process of HR, an essential error-free pathway to repair DNA DSBs during cell replication, will be blocked in the condition of BRCA 1/2 mutations. The PARP-associated HR pathway can also be partially interrupted by using PARP inhibitors. Grossly, PARP inhibitors have demonstrated some therapeutic benefits in many randomized phase II and III trials when combined with the standard CRS for advanced EOCs. However, similar to other chemotherapy agents, PARP inhibitors have different clinical indications and toxicity profiles and also face drug resistance, which has become a major challenge. In high-grade epithelial ovarian cancers, the cancer cells under hypoxia- or drug-induced stress have the capacity to become polyploidy giant cancer cells (PGCCs), which can survive the attack of chemotherapeutic agents and start endoreplication. These stem-like, self-renewing PGCCs generate mutations to alter the expression/function of kinases, p53, and stem cell markers, and diploid daughter cells can exhibit drug resistance and facilitate tumor growth and metastasis. In this review, we discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms of PARP inhibitors and the results from the clinical studies that investigated the effects of the FDA-approved PARP inhibitors olaparib, rucaparib, and niraparib. We also review the current research progress on PARP inhibitors, their safety, and their combined usage with antiangiogenic agents. Nevertheless, many unknown aspects of PARP inhibitors, including detailed mechanisms of actions, along with the effectiveness and safety of the treatment of EOCs, warrant further investigation.     

Influences of Connecting Unit Architecture on the Performance of Tandem Organic Light‐Emitting Devices

The present work investigates the influence of the n‐type layer in the connecting unit on the performance of tandem organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs). The n‐type layer is typically an organic electron‐transporting layer doped with reactive metals. By systematically varying the metal dopants and the electron‐transporting hosts, we have identified the important factors affecting the performance of the tandem OLEDs. Contrary to common belief, device characteristics were found to be insensitive to metal work functions, as supported by the ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy results that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of all metal‐doped n‐type layers studied here have similar energy levels. It suggests that the electron injection barriers from the connecting units are not sensitive to the metal dopant used. On the other hand, it was found that performance of the n‐type layers depends on their electrical conductivities which can be improved by using an electron‐transporting host with higher electron mobility. This effect is further modulated by the optical transparency of constituent organic layers. The efficiency of tandem OLEDs would decrease as the optical transmittance decreases.     

Electrophoretic mobilities of dissolved polyelectrolyte charging agent and suspended non-colloidal titanium during electrophoretic deposition

Coarse (≤20 μm) titanium particles were deposited on low-carbon steel substrates by cathodic electrophoretic deposition (EPD) with ethanol as suspension medium and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) as polymeric charging agent. Preliminary data on the electrophoretic mobilities and electrical conductivities on the suspensions of these soft particles as well as the solutions themselves as a function of PDADMAC level were used as the basis for the investigation of the EPD parameters in terms of the deposition yield as a function of five experimental parameters: (a) PDADMAC addition level, (b) solids loading, (c) deposition time, (d) applied voltage, and (e) electrode separation. These data were supported by particle sizing by laser diffraction and deposit surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The preceding data demonstrated that Ti particles of ∼1-12 μm size, electrosterically modified by the PDADMAC charging agent, acted effectively as colloidal particles during EPD. Owing to the non-colloidal nature of the particles and the stabilization of the Ti particles by electrosteric forces, the relevance of the zeta potential is questionable, so the more fundamental parameter of electrophoretic mobility was used. A key finding from the present work is the importance of assessing the electrophoretic mobilities of both the suspensions and solutions since the latter, which normally is overlooked, plays a critical role in the ability to interpret the results meaningfully. Further, algebraic uncoupling of these data plus determination of the deposit yield as a function of charging agent addition allow discrimination between the three main mechanistic stages of the electrokinetics of the process, which are: (1) surface saturation; (2) compression of the diffuse layer, growth of polymer-rich layer, and/or competition between the mobility of Ti and PDADMAC; and (3) little or no decrease in electrophoretic mobility of Ti, establishment of polymer-rich layer, and/or dominance of the mobility of the PDADMAC over that of Ti.     

High Hole Mobility of GaSb Relaxed Epilayer Grown on GaAs Substrate by MOCVD through Interfacial Misfit Dislocations Array

The structural property of GaSb epilayers grown on semi-insulator GaAs (001) substrate by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using Triethylgallium (TEGa) and trimethylantimony (TMSb),was investigated by variation of the Sb:Ga (V/III) ratio.An optimum V/III ratio of 1.4 was determined in our growth conditions.Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM),we found that there was an interfacial misfit dislocations (IMF) growth mode in our experiment,in which the large misfit strain between epilayer and substrate is relaxed by periodic 90 deg.IMF array at the hetero-epitaxial interface.The rms roughness of a 300 nm-thick GaSb layer is only 2.7 nm in a 10 μm×10 μm scan from atomic force microscopy (AFM) result.The best hole density and mobility of 300 nm GaSb epilayer are 5.27×10 6 cm 3 (1.20×10 6) and 553 cm 2 ·V 1 ·s 1 (2340) at RT (77 K) from Hall measurement,respectively.These results indicate that the IMF growth mode can be used in MOCVD epitaxial technology similar to molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technology to produce the thinner GaSb layer with low density of dislocations and other defects on GaAs substrate for the application of devices.     

On the effect of geometrical designs and failure modes in composite axial crushing: A literature review

Composite materials have been known for its low density, ease in fabrication, high structural rigidity, and wide range applications, i.e. aeronautic applications and automotive industry. Due to this, extensive studies had been conducted to evaluate its axial crushing ability to replace metallic materials. In this paper, it reviewed the usage of fibre reinforced plastic composite (FRP) as an energy absorption application device. Failure modes and geometrical designs such as shapes, geometry and triggering effect have been studied where these factors affected on peak load and specific energy absorption significantly. Accordingly, numerical analysis for axial crushing of affected factors had been simulated to predict the failure mechanisms of FRP composites.     

Elastic moduli of a liquid crystalline polymer and its in-situ composites

The elastic moduli of a liquid crystalline polyesteramide (LCP) and polycarbonate/LCP in-situ composites with 10 to 80 wt% of LCP have been measured as functions of draw ratio λ from 1 to 15 by an ultrasonic method. For the LCP, the sharp rise of the axial Young's modulus E₃ and the slight decreases of the transverse Young's modulus E₁ and the axial (C₄₄) and transverse (C₆₆) shear modulus with increasing λ result from the alignment of chains along the draw direction. E₁, C₄₄, and C₆₆ follow the lower bounds calculated using the series coupling scheme of the aggregate model. Although E₃ lies close to the lower bound at low λ, it follows the upper bound calculated according to the parallel coupling scheme at λ > 3. The elastic moduli of the composites have similar draw ratio dependences as those of the LCP. The strong increase in E₃ with increasing λ arises from the higher aspect ratio of the LCP domains in the composites and the improved molecular orientation within the domains. The reinforcement effect on the other moduli is much weaker, with E₁ and C₄₄ of the composites only 5 to 30% higher than those of polycarbonate at λ = 15. Since C₆₆ of the LCP decreases to a value below that of polycarbonate at λ > 2, there is a positive reinforcement effect at low λ but a negative effect at high λ.