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91.
The formation and reduction of passive layers on copper in weakly alkaline solutions saturated with N2 and O2 were studied. Voltammetric and ellipsometric techniques were employed to examine the structural characteristics of the layers formed in the –0.32 to 0.75 V vs RHE potential region. Optical measurements at open circuit potentials (Eoc) were also made to simulate operational conditions. The passive layer consists of a duplex structure: an outer hydrated copper oxide film and an inner dehydrated film. This inner layer is composed of Cu2O with a surface excess of Cu(ii) ions. The growth rate of the oxide layers at controlled potentials is higher in O2 saturated solution. The corrosion resistance of copper depends on the presence of O2 in the electrolyte, on the stirring rate and on the Eoc value. 相似文献
92.
运用环境扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射等微观分析手段研究了稳定环境中,半浸泡混凝土试件在硫酸钠和硫酸镁溶液中的劣化破坏特征,以及混凝土碳化对"混凝土硫酸盐结晶破坏"的影响。结果表明:粗骨料界面过渡区生成的大量钙矾石和石膏等晶体是引起混凝土试件劣化的原因;在碳化混凝土内发现了硫酸钠结晶破坏现象。 相似文献
94.
ABSTRACT A numerical solution of the diffusion equation to describe solute transport inside ellipsoids, assuming a constant difiusion coefficient and a corrective boundary condition, is presented. The difiusion equation in a prolate spheroidal coordinate system was used for a hidimensional case. The finite volume method was employed to discretize the basic equation, utilizing a uniform grid size. The equation was solved irteratively using the Gauss-Seidel method. The effect of Biot number and the aspect ratio of the body on diffusion rate and concentration during the process is presented. Plots are presented for Biot numbers from 0.05 to infinity and aspect ratios of 1.1, 2.0 and 5.0. To investigate the effect of the aspect ratio, different results changing the aspect ratio for Bi= 1.0 are shown. The results show that the model is consistent and it may be used to solve other cases such as those that include cylinder and sphere geometry, and/ or those with variable diffusion coefficients with small modifications. 相似文献
95.
ANTENNAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES OF GRAPEVINE MOTH <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lobesia botrana</Emphasis> FEMALES TO VOLATILES FROM GRAPEVINE 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tasin M Anfora G Ioriatti C Carlin S De Cristofaro A Schmidt S Bengtsson M Versini G Witzgall P 《Journal of chemical ecology》2005,31(1):77-87
Grapevine moth Lobesia botrana is the economically most important insect of grapevine Vitis vinifera in Europe. Flower buds, flowers, and green berries of Chardonnay grapevine are known to attract L. botrana for oviposition. The volatile compounds collected from these phenological stages were studied by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry, and the antennal response of L. botrana females to these headspace collections was recorded by gas chromatography—electroantennography. The compounds found in all phenological stages, which consistently elicited a strong antennal response, were pentadecane, nonanal, and -farnesene. In a wind tunnel, gravid L. botrana females flew upwind to green grapes, as well as to headspace collections from these berries released by a piezoelectric sprayer release device. However, no females landed at the source of headspace volatiles, possibly due to inappropriate concentrations or biased ratios of compounds in the headspace extracts. 相似文献
96.
介绍了一种液相法生产分子式为CAR^1R^2CBR^3R^4(此外的R^1,R^2、R^3和R^4指代意义如专项说明中所定义)的卤代烷加成物的工艺,是将相应的卤代烷烃(AB)与相应的烃(CR^1R^2=CR^3R^3)在催化的存在下于溶剂中进行反应,所用的催化剂组成:(1)至少有一种含一价铜;(2)至少有一种为离子促进剂,选自卤代铵、吡啶或卤代吡啶及(MQ4)Y型的四价盐(M是元素周期表中VA族元素,如N、P、As、Sb或Bi,Q为C1-C18烷烃、Y为氯、溴或碘)。还介绍了用上述工艺制得的加成产物与HF反应制备一些氢氟烃的工艺,该工艺是在二晴或环化碳酸酯溶剂中进行,使反应混合物分成两相。 相似文献
97.
C.L. ERIKSSON DE REZENDE S.W. JOSEPH E. TEICHER L.E. CARR B. TALL R.M. WEINER 《Journal of Food Safety》2003,23(1):25-33
Biofilms enable foodborne pathogens to resist removal from surfaces, survive disinfection and elude detection. This study evaluated the use of Calcofluor, which binds to polysaccharides containing β-D-glucans, to detect biofilms produced by Salmonella enterica serovar Berta and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 (St DT104), Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio cholerae O139 and Hyphomonas adhaerens. Biofilms produced by St DT104, S. berta and V. cholerae on five types of surfaces (glass, polypropylene, Teflon™, stainless steel and aluminum) were detected by Calcofluor. Results suggest the potential use of Calcofluor as probes of foodborne pathogens in biofilms. 相似文献
98.
JULIANA TÓFANO DE CAMPOS LEITE TONELI KIL JIN PARK FERNANDA ELIZABETH XIDIEH MURR PAULA OLIVEIRA MARTINELLI 《Journal of texture studies》2008,39(4):369-392
Inulin is a storage polysaccharide present in more than 30,000 vegetable products, including chicory roots, that are considered suitable for industrial application. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of temperature and the soluble solids concentration on the rheological behavior of a concentrated inulin solution obtained from a centrifugation process from chicory roots, after freezing at − 24C. For all the evaluated soluble solids concentrations, inulin solutions showed a rheological behavior of a highly pseudoplastic fluid, with high resistance to flow at low strain rates followed by a breakdown of the structure when the shear rate increased. The effect of temperature on the apparent viscosity of inulin solutions can be represented by the Arrhenius equation. The rheological behavior of inulin solutions can be represented by the Herschel–Bulkley, Casson, Cross and Power Law equations, where the consistency index increases as temperature rises and the soluble solids concentration as well.
The main objective of this work was to analyze the rheological behavior of a concentrated inulin solution obtained from chicory roots, to check the possibility of its application to obtain powder inulin.
The concentrated inulin solution was obtained by diffusion in hot water, followed by concentration by evaporation and phase separation conducted by lowering the temperature (−24C) and centrifugation at a velocity of 10,000 rpm for a time interval of 15 min. However, this solution is still going to be processed. Therefore, it is important to know its rheological behavior.
The influence of temperature and the soluble solids concentration on the rheological behavior of the concentrated inulin solution was also studied. 相似文献
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
The main objective of this work was to analyze the rheological behavior of a concentrated inulin solution obtained from chicory roots, to check the possibility of its application to obtain powder inulin.
The concentrated inulin solution was obtained by diffusion in hot water, followed by concentration by evaporation and phase separation conducted by lowering the temperature (−24C) and centrifugation at a velocity of 10,000 rpm for a time interval of 15 min. However, this solution is still going to be processed. Therefore, it is important to know its rheological behavior.
The influence of temperature and the soluble solids concentration on the rheological behavior of the concentrated inulin solution was also studied. 相似文献
99.
100.
CHARACTERIZATION OF STOMACH AND PYLORIC CAECA PROTEINASES OF TAMBAQUI (COLOSSOMA MACROPOMUM) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
RANILSON DE SOUZA BEZERRA JULIANA FERREIRA DOS SANTOS MÉRCIA ANDREA DA SILVA LINO VERA LÚCIA ALMEIDA VIEIRA LUIZ BEZERRA CARVALHO JR. 《Journal of Food Biochemistry》2000,24(3):189-199
The effects of pH, temperature, inhibitors, and substrates on proteolytic activities of crude extracts from the stomach, liver, pyloric caeca, and intestines of Colossoma macropomum were investigated. The highest acid and alkaline proteolytic activities were found in stomach and pyloric caeca, respectively. The optimum pH for the acid and alkaline proteases were 1.8 and 7.0–9.0, respectively, while the optimum temperatures were 35C and 65C. This alkaline protease thermal stability remained unaltered after 90 min incubation at 55C. A pepsin‐like protease was responsible for most of the acidic proteolytic activity (Pepstatin A inhibited approximately 90%), whereas PMSF inhibited about 40% of the alkaline protease. The alkaline proteolytic activity has attractive thermal properties for industrial applications. 相似文献