Primary adenocarcinoma of the small intestine

Eighteen cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the small intestine have been reviewed, which demonstrated the relative frequency of symptoms common to this disease. The clinical features, pathology, and treatment of small bowel adenocarcinoma have been presented and the literature reviewed.     

Paradoxical conditioning of the plasma copper and corticosterone responses to bacterial endotoxin

The cascade of physiologic mechanisms in response to infection, the acute phase response, is recognized as having a major role in host defense. Two such responses are an increase in plasma copper and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which are consistently reported to occur during bacterial infection. We aimed to determine whether the alterations in plasma copper and corticosterone were conditionable using the conditioned taste aversion paradigm. The regime involved the pairing of a novel-tasting saccharine solution (the conditioned stimulus) with lipopolysaccharide (the unconditioned stimulus). Seven days after the initial pairing of these stimuli (the test day), the saccharine solution was represented. Animals exposed to this condition displayed a significant decrease in plasma copper levels. In addition, these rats experienced a reduction in plasma corticosterone that was time dependent. Paradoxically, the conditioned response of both these variables were in a direction contrary to that reported during bacterial infection. These results suggest that some acute phase responses may condition as a rebound response, or in an opposing trend to that occurring as the initial reaction.     

A model for optimum ionizing characteristics of an orbitron device

The theoretical model proposed shows the influence of the intensity of electron current injected in an orbitron device on the ionization characteristics of this device. The two-dimensional model allows us to discuss the compromise that exists between the electron dynamic charge in the device and the mean ionization cross-section of the electrons. The theoretical model proposed takes account of experimental results.     

Hormonal control of female sexual attractiveness proceptivity, and receptivity in rhesus monkeys

Microsurgical exploration of 15 adults with Arnold-Chiari malformation with and without hydromyelia using 3 to 20 X magnification has led to the following conclusions. Hydromyelia, associated with Arnold-Chiari malformation, is a progressive mechanical disorder that causes spinal cord deficits by pressure distention of the cord. Arnold-Chiari malformation causes slowly or suddenly progressive bulbar dysfunction by impaction of the malformation in the foramen magnum. Decompression of both can be achieved by a suboccipital carniectomy, upper cervical laminectomy, establishing an outlet from the fourth ventricle, and opening the distended cord in the thinnest exposed area, which is usually along the dorsal root entry zone. If Pantopaque myelography in patients in the supine position shows the Arnold-Chiari malformation, hydromyelia can be established as a cause of central cord deficit even if myelography shows the cord size to be normal. Syringomyelia, traditionally considered a degenerative disease, is a less common cause of a slowly progressive central cord deficit than either hydromyelia or intramedullary tumor.     

Prevalence of seropositive reactions to Brucella canis in a limited survey of domestic cats

The prevalence of Brucella canis agglutinins was determined in 170 cats (114 from animal shelters in California and 56 from an animal hospital in Texas). Seropositive reactions in the cats from animal shelters were 5.3, 11.4, and 0%, respectively, the the rapid slide agglutination test, salt 2-mercaptoethanol tube agglutination test, salt 2-mercaptoethanol tube agglutination test, and brucellosis card test. For hospitalized cats, the respective percentages were 7.1, 8.9, and 0%. One (0.9%) of 114 cats from the animal shelters and 5 (8.9%) of 56 hospitalized cats were seropositive by the salt 2-mercaptoethanol tube agglutination test at titers greater than or equal to 1:200. Isolation of bacteria was not attempted; thus, the findings of this study may need cautious interpretation.     

Pathways regulating cardiovascular changes during volume loading in awake dogs

The role played by the cardiac sympathetic nerves and arterial baroreceptors in the cardiovascular responses to acute volume loading was studied in conscious dogs. In 15 normally innervated animals, mean arterial pressure rose 10 mmHg, heart rate increased 38 beats/min and cardiac output 1,696 ml/min, while peripheral resistance decreased 0.99 PRU. Neither bilateral baroreceptor denervation, dorsal root sections (T1-T5) or surgical interruption of the left ansa subclavia altered the above responses to acute volume loading. Bilateral section of the ansa subclavia (total cardiac sympathectomy) significantly reduced the heart rate response from 35 +/- 5 to 20 +/- 5 beats/min but did not alter other changes. A similar reduction in heart rate response was observed following selective section of the right ansa subclavia. Intravenous infusions of epinephrine augmented the heart rate response in both normally innervated and cardiac sympathectomized dogs. It is suggested that although the primary efferent pathway for the reflex trachycardia is via the vagus, responses are modulated by sympathetic neural activity. Additionally, the nervous system was not shown to play a measureable role in the observed peripheral resistance changes.