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11.
The Ca2+ sensitivity of cardiac myofibrillar force production can be decreased by acidosis or inorganic phosphate (P(i)) and increased by caffeine. To investigate whether the source of tissue influences the potency of these agents, we compared the actions of acidosis (change of pH from 7.0 to 6.2), P(i) and caffeine (both 20 mM) on force production of skinned cardiac muscles from adult ventricle, adult atrium and neonate ventricle of the rat. Maximum Ca(2+)-activated force was reduced by all three interventions and the responses of the different muscle types to a given intervention were similar. Acidosis reduced myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity by 1.09 and 1.04 pCa units in adult ventricle and atrium, respectively, and P(i) reduced it by 0.19 and 0.22 pCa units. However, each effect was only one-third as great in the neonate ventricle, which showed falls of 0.33 pCa units for acidosis and 0.06 for P(i). In contrast, caffeine raised the Ca2+ sensitivity by the same amount (approximately 0.4 pCa units) in all three muscle types. The differential effect between adult and neonate seen with both acidosis and P(i) suggests some similarity in the mechanisms by which these factors decrease Ca2+ sensitivity. In contrast, the equal effects of caffeine on neonate and adult suggests that caffeine acts by a completely different mechanism. The lower pH- and P(i)-sensitivity of the neonatal ventricle can help to explain why neonatal and adult myocardium exhibit differential force responses to ischaemia (or hypoxia alone). 相似文献
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W. S. Walston I. M. Bernstein A. W. Thompson 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1991,22(6):1443-1451
The microstructure of a single-crystal nickel-base superalloy, PWA 1480, has been varied by heat treatment and hot isostatic
pressing in order to study the role of the γ/yγ′ eutectic and porosity on subsequent tensile behavior. The level of porosity
was found not to affect any of the tensile properties, while the γ/γ′ eutectic strongly influenced ductility. Eliminating
the γ/γ′ eutectic increased ductility which was attributed to the cleavage fracture of this constituent. It is proposed that
such cleavage of the γ/γ′ eutectic is initiated by the stress created from impinging slip bands, promoting shear localization,
and final fracture along {111} slip planes. The precise nature of this fracture process is discussed with emphasis on the
role of the γ/′ micro-structure. The deformation structure of PWA 1480 was also studied, and while different in some respects
from many other single-crystal superalloys, its fracture process appears to be similar.
Formerly Graduate Student, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Carnegie Mellon University. 相似文献
15.
Bismuth is a semimetal that has a relatively low lattice thermal conductivity. A positive energy gap can be created by alloying with antimony, leading to useful alloys for thermoelectric energy conversion. This paper gives an insight into the basic properties of BiSb alloys for thermoelectric applications. 相似文献
16.
Enhancing echo cancellation via estimation of delay 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Youhong Lu Fowler R. Tian W. Thompson L. 《Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on》2005,53(11):4159-4168
The advent of packetized audio transmission, such as voice over IP (VoIP), has resulted in challenging requirements for echo cancellation technology. One key aspect of this technology is the need to characterize, quickly and accurately, the echo paths in the transmission media. Echo paths consist of a constant time delay with no echo signal and active regions in which the echo signal is present. When an adaptive filter echo cancellation algorithm is used, its performance can be greatly increased, and its complexity can be reduced if it is only applied to the active regions. This requires an algorithm to estimate the constant delay and locate the active regions. Traditionally, delay estimation has been based on direct application of cross-correlation. This method has poor performance because the input signals are highly correlated and has a high implementation cost because many cross-correlation lags have to be computed for longer time delays. The delay estimation addressed in this paper has two major advantages over the traditional methods. The first is that it has improved performance because the input signals are processed to have less correlation. The second is that the implementation cost is significantly reduced because fewer cross-correlation lags are computed, and an efficient method to estimate lags is created. 相似文献
17.
The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) is in the process of implementing Pontis, a Bridge Management System, to provide decision support to engineers in the headquarters and district offices as they make routine policy, programming, and budgeting decisions regarding the preservation and improvement of the state’s bridges. As part of this effort, an ongoing research program is underway to adapt the system to FDOT needs as well as to advance the state of the art in several areas important to the Department. Most of the research results are organized around a new project-level decision support framework that complements and builds on Pontis’ existing network-level analysis. Specific new models include accident risk and user cost due to roadway width and alignment deficiencies; user cost of load capacity and vertical clearance restrictions, and moveable bridge openings; project-level prediction models for bridge element condition and costs; and prediction of economics of scale and scoping possibilities. The new models are built into a highly graphical spreadsheet model for decision support use. 相似文献
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Undergraduate software engineering education is now well established in many countries, and many of these degree programs have received formal accreditation by the relevant country's professional body for computing. SE 2004 represents an enormous effort by numerous individuals across the discipline. Its quality has been clearly recognized by the sponsoring organizations. The developmental team confidently looks forward to the volume's use and to your participation in future evaluations and in the next phase of development. The volume provides usable results for those in emerging economies who wish to enter the software engineering community, and we know that individual project members and the participating national bodies are ready to assist. 相似文献
19.
Mike Thompson 《今日电子》2008,(4):43-44
构建和维护合适的功率环境对系统的正确运行非常关键。对功率的控制和管理越来越受到重视,无论是简单的手持式便携设备,还是多服务器机架系统,都希望能够节省能耗、降低成本。 相似文献
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