浅析提高电主轴可靠性的途径

电主轴目前越来越广泛的应用于金切机床领域,其在设备上的可靠性即显得越来越重要。针对高速电主轴高可靠性的要求,在高速电主轴基本结构的基础上,采用动态的设计方法,计算出电主轴和滚动轴承的动态特性,进而研究轴向预紧力、跨距、转轴各台阶外径以及轴承对高速电主轴临界转速的影响,最终得到合理的电主轴结构;同时,对高速电主轴的润滑、材料、密封、冷却等方面也进行了研究,以实现最优化的设计,从而满足高速电主轴的高可靠性要求。     

4,4‐Dimethyl‐ and Diastereomeric 4‐Hydroxy‐4‐methyl‐ (2S)‐Glutamate Analogues Display Distinct Pharmacological Profiles at Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors and Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters

Subtype‐selective ligands are of great interest to the scientific community, as they provide a tool for investigating the function of one receptor or transporter subtype when functioning in its native environment. Several 4‐substituted (S)‐glutamate (Glu) analogues were synthesized, and altogether this approach has provided important insight into the structure–activity relationships (SAR) for ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs and mGluRs), as well as the excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs). In this work, three 4,4‐disubstituted Glu analogues 1 – 3 , which are hybrid structures of important 4‐substituted Glu analogues 4 – 8 , were investigated at iGluRs and EAATs. Collectively, their pharmacological profiles add new and valuable information to the SAR for the iGluRs and EAAT1–3.     

STARCH MOBILIZATION AND SUCROSE ACCUMULATION IN THE PULP OF KEITT MANGOES DURING POSTHARVEST RIPENING

Sugar is a determinant for the quality of mangoes, but information about its accumulation is scarce. Although starch can contribute to sugar production during ripening, not much is known about the enzymes involved. This work presents the changes in carbohydrate and enzymes during the development and ripening of Keitt mangoes. Starch disappearance was concomitant to a fivefold increase of sucrose, the most abundant sugar of the ripe fruits. The activities of α-amylase, β-amylase, phosphorylase and isoamylase were detected in the pulp, and while α-amylase increased parallel to the starch content, β-amylase presented a 20-fold increase during ripening. On the other hand, high phosphorylase activity was observed when fruits were still accumulating starch, and lowered during ripening. Isoamylase was detected during development and increased slightly during ripening, which would be in agreement to the expected role for isoamylases as acting on both subproduct of starch synthesis and degradation.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The present work reinforces our previous works that Keitt mangoes do not ripen when attached to the tree. This fact allowed us to study all the starch degradation after mango harvesting which does not occur with the other cultivars. Data obtained in this work reinforce the role of α-amylase, β-amylase and isoamylase rather than the starch phosphorylases on starch granule degradation in mangoes, and the subsequent soluble sugar accumulation.     

基于深度迁移学习的网络入侵检测

为解决网络入侵检测问题,提高检测准确率和降低误报率,提出一种基于深度迁移学习的网络入侵检测方法,该方法使用非监督学习的深度自编码器来进行迁移学习,实现网络的入侵检测。首先对深度迁移学习问题进行建模,然后对深度模型进行迁移学习。迁移学习框架由嵌入层和标签层实现编/解码,编码和解码权重由源域和目标域共享,用于知识的迁移。嵌入层中,通过最小化域之间的嵌入实例的KL散度来强制源域和目标域数据的分布相似;在标签编码层中,使用softmax回归模型对源域的标签信息进行编码分类。实验结果表明,该方法能够实现网络入侵检测,且性能优于其他入侵检测方法。     

Impermeable atomic membranes from graphene sheets

We demonstrate that a monolayer graphene membrane is impermeable to standard gases including helium. By applying a pressure difference across the membrane, we measure both the elastic constants and the mass of a single layer of graphene. This pressurized graphene membrane is the world's thinnest balloon and provides a unique separation barrier between 2 distinct regions that is only one atom thick.     

Robust data processing and normalization strategy for MALDI mass spectrometric imaging

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) provides localized information about the molecular content of a tissue sample. To derive reliable conclusions from MSI data, it is necessary to implement appropriate processing steps in order to compare peak intensities across the different pixels comprising the image. Here, we review commonly used normalization methods, and propose a rational data processing strategy, for robust evaluation and modeling of MSI data. The approach includes newly developed heuristic methods for selecting biologically relevant peaks and pixels to reduce the size of a data set and remove the influence of the applied MALDI matrix. The methods are demonstrated on a MALDI MSI data set of a sagittal section of rat brain (4750 bins, m/z = 50-1000, 111 × 185 pixels) and the proposed preferred normalization method uses the median intensity of selected peaks, which were determined to be independent of the MALDI matrix. This was found to effectively compensate for a range of known limitations associated with the MALDI process and irregularities in MS image sampling routines. This new approach is relevant for processing of all MALDI MSI data sets, and thus likely to have impact in biomarker profiling, preclinical drug distribution studies, and studies addressing underlying molecular mechanisms of tissue pathology.     

Ultrastrong adhesion of graphene membranes

As mechanical structures enter the nanoscale regime, the influence of van der Waals forces increases. Graphene is attractive for nanomechanical systems because its Young's modulus and strength are both intrinsically high, but the mechanical behaviour of graphene is also strongly influenced by the van der Waals force. For example, this force clamps graphene samples to substrates, and also holds together the individual graphene sheets in multilayer samples. Here we use a pressurized blister test to directly measure the adhesion energy of graphene sheets with a silicon oxide substrate. We find an adhesion energy of 0.45±0.02 J m(-2) for monolayer graphene and 0.31±0.03 J m(-2) for samples containing two to five graphene sheets. These values are larger than the adhesion energies measured in typical micromechanical structures and are comparable to solid-liquid adhesion energies. We attribute this to the extreme flexibility of graphene, which allows it to conform to the topography of even the smoothest substrates, thus making its interaction with the substrate more liquid-like than solid-like.     

PHENOLIC ANTIOXIDANT ENRICHMENT OF SOY FLOUR-SUPPLEMENTED GUAVA WASTE BY RHIZOPUS OLIGOSPORUS-MEDIATED SOLID-STATE BIOPROCESSING

In this paper, we investigated the potential for Rhizopus oligosporus to produce enhanced levels of free phenolics from guava residue mixed with soy flour as the nitrogen source.β‐glucosidase activity and antioxidant activity in crude extracts were evaluated. Two substrates were studied based on carbon and nitrogen ratios: A, 90% guava residue : 10% soy flour (G9) and B, 50% guava residue : 50% soy flour (G5). Bioprocessing increased water extractable phenolics 12.9% with G9 substrate and 98.6% with G5 substrate. For both substrates, antioxidant activity increased during early stages of fungal growth but decreased thereafter. Phenolic antioxidant mobilization during bioprocessing was associated withβ‐glucosidase activity and hypothesized to involve the mobilization of polymeric phenolics. The bioconversion of soy flour‐supplemented guava residue by R. oligosporus represents a novel strategy for the enhancement of phenolic antioxidant content and potential commercial value of guava wastes.     

Conditioned medium increases the polyploid cell composition of bovine somatic cell nuclear-transferred blastocysts

The effects of bovine cumulus cell-conditioned medium on cloned bovine embryonic development and subsequent chromosome complement were examined using an air-dry procedure. Conditioned media were prepared using CR1aa supplemented with either fetal bovine serum (FBS) or bovine serum albumin (BSA). Nuclear-transferred embryos were reconstructed with nuclei from cumulus cells. Similar cleavage, morula, and blastocyst development was observed in conditioned media groups compared with the co-culture group. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the composition of blastocyst chromosomes after co-culture in different media, either with or without starvation of donor cells. The overall diploid blastocyst rate ranged from 75% to 84%. Chromosomal complement of blastocysts, however, was very different between conditioned medium and co-culture treatments. Overall incidence of chromosomal anomalies was 40% in conditioned medium, which was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the co-culture group (20%). Moreover, a higher incidence (P < 0.05) of chromosomally abnormal blastocysts (41.5%) was observed after culture with FBS-containing conditioned medium than those cultured in BSA-containing conditioned medium (31.4%). No diploid improvement was observed after exchange of the culture system from conditioned medium to co-culture, or from co-culture to conditioned medium after the first 72 h of culture. The results of this study also indicated that the overall cell number was much lower (P < 0.01) in blastocysts with chromosomal abnormalities than those with a normal diploid state. We have concluded that medium conditioned with bovine cumulus cells increases the incidence of chromosomal anomalies in nuclear reconstructed embryos.