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961.
DP Lunn MA Holmes DF Antczak N Agerwal J Baker S Bendali-Ahcene M Blanchard-Channell KM Byrne K Cannizzo W Davis MJ Hamilton D Hannant T Kondo JH Kydd MC Monier PF Moore T O''Neil BR Schram A Sheoran JL Stott T Sugiura KE Vagnoni 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,62(2):101-143
The final assignment of antibody clusters for leucocyte antigens and immunoglobulins, as described in detail in Sections 3 and 4, is summarized in Table 4. Together with other mAbs developed outside of ELAW II (Table 9) this pool of reagents represent a powerful array of tools for the study of equine immunity. The Second Equine Leucocyte Antigen Workshop made considerable advances in pursuing the objectives of establishing the specificities of mAbs and achieving consensus on the nomenclature for equine leucocyte and immunoglobulin molecules. Of equal importance, several productive collaborations were fostered among the participating laboratories and observers. Overall, enormous advances have been made in the past decade since mAbs specific for equine leucocyte antigens and immunoglobulins were first reported. There remains enormous scope and need for further studies of equine leucocyte antigens and immunoglobulins, both for the purposes of comparative immunology and for the good of the horse. In the future novel techniques will be required to develop reagents for specific target antigens such as the orthologues of the CD25 or CD45 isoforms. In studies of equine immunoglobulins the functional role of the IgG isotypes must be better established, reagents for IgE must be developed, and cloning of the immunoglobulin heavy chain genes will be essential if the complexities of the IgG sub-isotypes are to be elucidated. The tasks still facing the currently small group of equine immunologists throughout the world remain formidable, and will only be tackled successfully in a spirit of collaboration. 相似文献
962.
DP Shelton 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1987,36(7):3032-3041
963.
John Knight Jason W. Holland Linda A. Bowden Katrina Halliday Andrew F. Rowley 《Lipids》1995,30(5):451-458
The eicosanoid generating potential of the brain, gills, skin, ovary, muscle, eye, liver, spleen, heart, and alimentary canal
in the rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss, was examined. All the organs/tissues examined synthesized the 12-lipoxygenase products, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
(12-HETE), and 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (12-HEPE), implying the widespread nature of this enzyme in trout. Both prostaglandin
E and LTC were also found in variable amounts in the organs, with the greatest amount of PGE found in the gill. Leukotriene
(LT) B4 and LTB5 were found in supernatants from calcium ionophore-challenged brain, skin, ovary, liver, spleen, and heart, but the lipoxins
A4 and A5 were only present in brain, ovary, and spleen in relatively small amounts. As lipoxins have previously been shown to be synthesized
by macrophages in rainbow trout [Pettittet al., J. Biol. Chem. 266, 8720–8726 (1991)], and related cells (microglial cells) are found in the brain of mammals, the localization of macrophage-like
cells in trout brain was investigated immunocytochemically. Monoclonal antibodies specific for trout leucocytes failed to
identifity any microglial-like cells in sections of the brain, although microvessels containing immuno-positive reaction products
were observed. A number of distinct lipoxygenase products were found in supernatants of ionophore-challenged gill, including
14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, 12-HETE, and 12-HEPE, and a large number of dihydroxy fatty acid derivatives with conjugated
triene chromophores. One of these products was tentatively identified as 8(R),15(S)-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, a dual 12- and 15-lipoxygenase product, but apparently no LTB4 was generated by this tissue. 相似文献
964.
JA Lumadue YC Manabe RD Moore PC Belitsos CL Sears DP Clark 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,12(18):2459-2466
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the histology of AIDS-associated cryptosporidiosis and identify features that explain the clinical variability. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of HIV-positive individuals with cryptosporidiosis who underwent endoscopy at the Johns Hopkins Hospital between 1985 and 1996. METHODS: The histologic features (intensity of Cryptosporidium infection, inflammation, mucosal damage, copathogens) of gastrointestinal biopsies from 37 HIV-positive individuals with cryptosporidiosis were systematically graded. These histologic features were correlated with the severity of the diarrheal illness obtained from a patient chart review. RESULTS: Histologic features associated with Cryptosporidium infection include a neutrophilic infiltrate in the stomach, villus blunting in the duodenum, cryptitis and epithelial apoptosis in the colon, and reactive epithelial changes in the stomach and duodenum. The nature and intensity of the inflammatory response varied widely; however, duodenal biopsies from a subset of patients (37%) revealed marked acute inflammation that was associated with concomitant cytomegalovirus infection. Although duodenal infection was common (93% of individuals), infection of other sites was variable (gastric cryptosporidiosis in 40% and colonic cryptosporidiosis in 74%). Widespread infection of the intestinal tract, which included both the large and small intestine, was associated with the most severe diarrheal illness. CONCLUSIONS: Cryptosporidium infection produces histologic evidence of gastrointestinal mucosal injury. The inflammatory response to the infection is variable, and may be modified by copathogens such as cytomegalovirus. The clinical manifestations are influenced, in part, by the anatomic distribution of the infection, with extensive infections involving both small and large intestines producing the most severe illness. 相似文献
965.
JE Zimmerman DP Wagner EA Draper L Wright C Alzola WA Knaus 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,26(8):1317-1326
OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy and validity of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III hospital mortality predictions in an independent sample of U.S. intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. DESIGN: Nonrandomized, observational, cohort study. SETTING: Two hundred eighty-five ICUs in 161 U.S. hospitals, including 65 members of the Council of Teaching Hospitals and 64 nonteaching hospitals. PATIENTS: A consecutive sample of 37,668 ICU admissions during 1993 to 1996; including 25,448 admissions at hospitals with >400 beds and 1,074 admissions at hospitals with <200 beds. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We used demographic, clinical, and physiologic information recorded during ICU day 1 and the APACHE III equation to predict the probability of hospital mortality for each patient. We compared observed and predicted mortality for all admissions and across patient subgroups and assessed predictive accuracy using tests of discrimination and calibration. Aggregate hospital death rate was 12.35% and predicted hospital death rate was 12.27% (p =.541). The model discriminated between survivors and nonsurvivors well (area under receiver operating curve = 0.89). A calibration curve showed that the observed number of hospital deaths was close to the number of deaths predicted by the model, but when tested across deciles of risk, goodness-of-fit (Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic, chi-square = 48.71, 8 degrees of freedom, p< .0001) was not perfect. Observed and predicted hospital mortality rates were not significantly (p < .01) different for 55 (84.6%) of APACHE III's 65 specific ICU admission diagnoses and for 11 (84.6%) of the 13 residual organ system-related categories. The most frequent diagnoses with significant (p < .01) differences between observed and predicted hospital mortality rates included acute myocardial infarction, drug overdose, nonoperative head trauma, and nonoperative multiple trauma. CONCLUSIONS: APACHE III accurately predicted aggregate hospital mortality in an independent sample of U.S. ICU admissions. Further improvements in calibration can be achieved by more precise disease labeling, improved acquisition and weighting of neurologic abnormalities, adjustments that reflect changes in treatment outcomes over time, and a larger national database. 相似文献
966.
967.
DP Spence DR Graham J Ahmed K Rees MG Pearson PM Calverley 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,103(3):693-696
Cold air may worsen asthmatic bronchoconstriction but can lessen breathlessness in normal individuals. Patients with COPD sometimes report improvement in their dyspnea in cold weather. We examined the effect of breathing cold air on exercise tolerance and the perception of breathlessness in 19 patients with stable COPD (age [+/- SD], 63 +/- 6 years; FEV1, 0.99 +/- 0.28 L) in a randomized open study. Patients exercised on a cycle ergometer breathing either room or cold air (-13 degrees C), breathlessness being assessed by Borg scaling. Peak exercise performance improved when breathing cold air (mean +/- SE), 46 +/- 6 W compared with 37 +/- 7 W (p < 0.05) while end-exercise breathlessness fell from 4.6 +/- 0.4 compared with 4.1 +/- 0.5 (p < 0.05) when breathing cold air. End-exercise ETCO2 was higher breathing cold air (6.1 +/- 0.3 kPa compared with 5.5 +/- 0.3 kPa) (p < 0.005). There was no difference in breathlessness at equivalent levels of ventilation. Cold air reduces breathlessness in COPD, probably by inducing relative hypoventilation. 相似文献
968.
969.
970.
AM Weston MB Zelinski-Wooten JS Hutchison RL Stouffer DP Wolf 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,11(3):608-613
We previously demonstrated, in luteinizing hormone (LH)-deficient macaques, that follicular growth and maturation occurred with administration of exogenous (recombinant human) follicle stimulating hormone (r-hFSH) alone, and that the oocytes recovered fertilized at a notably higher rate than their counterparts from animals receiving both r-hFSH and r-hLH (Zelinski-Wooten et al., 1995). Here, the developmental potential of embryos produced from animals treated with r-hFSH alone or in combination with r-hLH was evaluated. Embryos (n = 127) were cryopreserved, thawed and either co-cultured on buffalo rat liver cells until the hatched blastocyst stage or transferred to synchronized recipients. Although embryos from each treatment group demonstrated a similar ability to develop to hatched blastocysts with a definitive inner cell mass, a significant difference was seen in cryosurvival (56 versus 78%) and in developmental rate to the hatched blastocyst (12 versus 10 days) between embryos from the r-hFSH alone and the combination group respectively. Pregnancies resulted following oviductal embryo transfers in both groups, with corpus luteum rescue occurring on days 12-16 of the luteal phase. In summary, r-hFSH alone during the pre-ovulatory interval is adequate for the gametogenic events required to produce embryos that develop either in vitro or in vivo; however, exposure to r-hLH may improve embryo viability and the rate of development. 相似文献