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51.
S Arndt T Cizadlo NC Andreasen D Heckel S Gold DS O'Leary 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,16(6):1271-1279
Tests comparing image sets can play a critical role in PET research, providing a yes-no answer to the question "Are two image sets different?" The statistical goal is to determine how often observed differences would occur by chance alone. We examined randomization methods to provide several omnibus test for PET images and compared these tests with two currently used methods. In the first series of analyses, normally distributed image data were simulated fulfilling the requirements of standard statistical tests. These analyses generated power estimates and compared the various test statistics under optimal conditions. Varying whether the standard deviations were local or pooled estimates provided an assessment of a distinguishing feature between the SPM and Montreal methods. In a second series of analyses, we more closely simulated current PET acquisition and analysis techniques. Finally, PET images from normal subjects were used as an example of randomization. Randomization proved to be a highly flexible and powerful statistical procedure. Furthermore, the randomization test does not require extensive and unrealistic statistical assumptions made by standard procedures currently in use. 相似文献
52.
Tom Kontogiannis 《Cognition, Technology & Work》2010,12(2):103-118
Distributed supervisory control systems often rely on complex and centralized plans to cope with a variety of unanticipated
situations. Replanning requires practitioners to forgo standard procedures in favor of making simple plans without simplifying,
managing task coupling, and anticipating team needs to provide decentralized and elaborate plans. This article proposes a
plan classification scheme to study what features of plans facilitate or hinder adaptation and a framework to examine how
features of plans influence the cognitive processes of replanning. The plan features have been assigned to the categories
of plan complexity, coupling, and control. Plans are task networks sharing similar features of complexity and coupling to
technical systems. The proposed framework sets out to explore how plan features influence the processes of recognizing plan
disruptions, reviewing challenges and different team stances, repairing plans to resolve new risks, and reacting by coordinating
team efforts to execute plans. The framework draws on the Extended Control Model (ECOM) to integrate the four processes of
replanning into a set of control loops. The benefits of this framework are illustrated in the context of operator training
and decision support. 相似文献
53.
54.
AD Gouliamos DS Kontogiannis J Androulidakis AE Kalovidouris LJ Vlahos CG Papavasiliou 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,17(3):446-448
The MR studies of three histologically proven spinal neurilemmomas and neurofibromas were reviewed retrospectively. There were two benign neurilemmomas (schwannomas) and one neurofibroma. The common characteristic of these cases was a central low intensity focus ("dot") seen on postcontrast T1-weighted imaging. The low intensity foci corresponded histologically to a congeries of changes including edema, microcysts, foam cells, hyalinization of blood vessels, old hemorrhage, and dystrophic calcification. 相似文献
55.
A healthy adolescent boy was treated on two occasions for an overdose of chlorpropamide (Diabinese). Glucose therapy alone was not sufficient to control the hypoglycemia, but the administration of glucose plus diazoxide raised the blood sugar to supranormal levels. A bolus of intravenous glucagon briefly raised the blood sugar level to within normal limits, increased the blood ketones but also augmented insulin secretion. An overdose of sulfonylurea may cause prolonged and fatal hypoglycemia. Rational therapy, both in diabetic and normal persons, is glucose plus an "insulin antagonist." The administration of diazoxide was effective in our patient, substantially reducing the plasma insulin level; this agent may be the "insulin-antagonist" of choice for use in sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia. 相似文献
56.
Terence C. Lau Jianguo Lu John Mylopoulos Kostas Kontogiannis 《Information Systems Frontiers》2003,5(2):149-160
As technology evolves, many organizations face the problem of migrating legacy applications from one technology base to another. We report on a case study involving the migration of legacy code into the IBM® WebSphere® Commerce Suite product. Specifically, we focus on the problem of migrating applications that use traditional database access techniques to applications using the Enterprise JavaBean (EJB) programming model. Our results include a practical methodology that facilitates such migration, as well as a tool that supports this methodology. The tool has been released on IBM's alphaWorks site. 相似文献
57.
Cognition, Technology & Work - The next generation Air Transport Management (ATM) requires performance-based safety management that is fully integrated into seamless operational management. To... 相似文献
58.
Team performance has been studied in many safety-critical organizations including aviation, nuclear power plant, offshore oil platforms and health organizations. This study looks into teamwork strategies that air traffic controllers employ to manage emergencies and abnormal situations. Two field studies were carried out in the form of observations of simulator training in emergency and unusual scenarios of novices and experienced controllers. Teamwork strategies covered aspects of team orientation and coordination, information exchange, change management and error handling. Several performance metrics were used to rate the efficiency of teamwork and test the construct validity of a prototype model of teamwork. This is a companion study to an earlier investigation of taskwork strategies in the same field (part I) and contributes to the development of a generic model for Taskwork and Teamwork strategies in Emergencies in Air traffic Management (T2EAM). Suggestions are made on how to use T2EAM to develop training programs, assess team performance and improve mishap investigations. 相似文献
59.
In view of the apparent intractability of constructing Nash Equilibria (NE in short) in polynomial time, even for bimatrix
games, understanding the limitations of the approximability of the problem is an important challenge. 相似文献
60.
The folding of a protein-like heteropolymer is studied by using direct simulation of a lattice model that folds rapidly to a well-defined "native" structure. The details of each molecular folding event depend on the random initial conformation as well as the random thermal fluctuations of the polymer. By analyzing the statistical properties of hundreds of folding events, a classical folding "pathway" for such a polymer is found that includes partially folded, on-pathway intermediates that are shown to be metastable equilibrium states of the polymer. These results are discussed in the context of the "classical" and "new" views of folding. 相似文献