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61.
A model (MAST) to calculate the mass flow of NH3 through amodel dairy farm has been developed. Updated emission factors for UKagriculturewere used to examine different abatement strategies available for a typicaldairy farm. A range of annual NH3 emissions was calculated for bothslurry and FYM based dairy systems. Emission for the slurry based system ranged between 27 kg NH3-N ha–1 yr–1, achieved using a combination of abatementstrategies, and 107 kg NH3-N ha–1 yr–1, calculated for a worst casescenario. For FYM, this range was between 33 and 86 kg NH3-Nha–1 yr–1. The greatest reductionswereachieved by manipulating options linked to fertiliser usage and manureapplication. 相似文献
62.
Gregory P. Johnston Ross E. Muenchausen Douglas M. Smith Steve R. Foltyn 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1992,75(12):3465-3468
An aluminum (Al) target was laser ablated in a nitrogen (N2 ) atmosphere, producing aluminum nitride (AlN) powder. These powders were calcined at 900°C for 2 h. Powders were produced at various nitrogen pressures, and the calcined powders were tested for unreacted aluminum content, using differential thermal analysis (DTA). The AlN powder, produced at a laser fluence of 12 J/cm2 and a nitrogen pressure of 10.0 kPa (75 torr), showed no evidence of unreacted aluminum by DTA and was phase-pure AlN by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface area of this powder is 82 m2 /g, corresponding to a particle size of ∼11 nm, which is in good agreement with TEM observations. 相似文献
63.
V. A. Sadykov T. G. Kuznetsova V. P. Doronin E. M. Moroz D. A. Ziuzin D. I. Kochubei B. N. Novgorodov V. N. Kolomiichuk G. M. Alikina R. V. Bunina E. A. Paukshtis V. B. Fenelonov O. B. Lapina I. V. Yudaev N. V. Mezentseva A. M. Volodin V. A. Matyshak V. V. Lunin A. Ya. Rozovskii V. F. Tretyakov T. N. Burdeynaya J. R. H. Ross 《Topics in Catalysis》2005,32(1-2):29-38
Approaches to design of zirconia pillared clays via control of the properties of pillaring species in solutions were elaborated. Structural features of pillars and Pt + Cu active components fixed at these nanoparticles were shown to determine catalytic properties of pillared clays in NOx selective reduction by hydrocarbons in the oxygen excess. 相似文献
64.
The glass transition temperatures (Tgs) of polystyrene (PS) and styrene/methyl methacrylate (S/MMA) random copolymer films are characterized by intrinsic fluorescence, i.e., monomer fluorescence from an excited-state phenyl ring and excimer fluorescence from an excited-state dimer of two phenyl rings. The Tg is determined from the intersection of the rubbery- and glassy-state temperature dependences of the integrated fluorescence intensity measured upon cooling from an equilibrated state. With PS, the effects of nanoconfinement on Tg and the transition strength agree with results from studies using probe fluorescence and ellipsometry. The Tg-nanoconfinement effect is “tuned” by copolymer composition. As S-content is reduced from 100 mol% to 22 mol%, the confinement effect changes from a reduction to an enhancement of Tg relative to bulk Tg. Intrinsic fluorescence is also a powerful tool for characterizing relaxation of residual stresses. Stresses induced by spin coating affect local conformations, which in turn affect excimer and monomer fluorescence and thereby integrated intensity. The heating protocol needed to achieve apparently equilibrated local conformations is determined by equivalence in the integrated intensities obtained upon heating and subsequent cooling. While partial stress relaxation occurs upon heating in the glassy state, full relaxation of local conformations requires that a film be heated above Tg for times that are long relative to the average cooperative segmental relaxation time. For example, in thin and ultrathin films, equilibration is achieved by heating slowly (∼1 K/min) to 15-20 K above Tg. Dilute solution fluorescence of PS and S/MMA copolymers is also characterized and compared to reports in the literature. 相似文献
65.
We previously have found that monocytes from patients with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma produce less PGE2 than cells from normal subjects in response to a histamine-induced lymphokine. In order to investigate this observation further,
we measured the fatty acid content in the total phospholipids derived from the plasma, red cells, buffy coat cells, neutrophils,
monocytes and lymphocytes of 27 allergic patients and 21 normal controls. There were no substantial differences between atopics
and normals in the fatty acid analyses carried out for plasma and red cells. However, linoleic acid (18∶2n−6) levels were
elevated significantly in the buffy coat fraction, while arachidonic acid (20∶4n−6) levels were reduced. Measurement of fatty
acid levels after fractionation of the buffy coat population into neutrophils and monocytes yielded similar elevations in
18∶2n−6 and reduced 20∶4n−6. In contrast, lymphocytes appeared to have the reverse pattern, i.e., significantly reduced 18∶2n−6
and elevated 20∶4n−6 levels. These data suggest that atopic leukocytes may have altered essential fatty acid metabolism. 相似文献
66.
时尚是有规律的.它不是以进步的形式运动,而是在循环中运动.外在的一致性通常会破坏内在的一致性.本文就时尚的规律、时尚的产生与运动过程、时尚与限制性规则、现代时尚的新变革等方面展开讨论. 相似文献
67.
The sulfur tolerance of a barium-containing NOx storage/reduction trap was investigated using infrared analysis. It was confirmed that barium carbonate could be replaced by barium sulfate by reaction with low concentrations of sulfur dioxide (50 ppm) in the presence of large concentrations of carbon dioxide (10%) at temperatures up to 700 °C. These sulfates could at least be partially removed by switching to hydrogen-rich conditions at elevated temperatures. Thermodynamic calculations were used to evaluate the effects of gas composition and temperature on the various reactions of barium sulfate and carbonate under oxidizing and reducing conditions. These calculations clearly showed that if, under a hydrogen-rich atmosphere, carbon dioxide is included as a reactant and barium carbonate as a product then barium sulfate can be removed by reaction with carbon dioxide at a much lower temperature than is possible by decomposition to barium oxide. It was also found that if hydrogen sulfide was included as a product of decomposition of barium sulfate instead of sulfur dioxide then the temperature of reaction could be significantly lowered. Similar calculations were conducted using a selection of other alkaline-earth and alkali metals. In this case calculations were simulated in a gas mixture containing carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide with partial pressures similar to those encountered in real exhausts during switches to rich conditions. The results indicated that there are metals such as lithium and strontium with less stable sulfates than barium, which may also possess sufficient NOx storage capacity to give sulfur-tolerant NOx traps. 相似文献
68.
Keshun Liu Susan Seegers Wenming Cao Janitha Wanasundara Juxing Chen Alessandro Esteves da Silva Kristopher Ross Alexandra Lozano Franco Theo Vrijenhoek Pankaj Bhowmik Yonghui Li Xin Wu Scott Bloomer 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2021,98(4):375-390
For determining trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) in soy products, the American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS) Method Ba 12-75 has been used. It measures differences in absorbance at 410 nm of bovine trypsin activity toward a synthetic substrate (Nα-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide) in the absence and presence of an inhibitor. Recently, a significantly improved method was developed (JAOCS, 2019, 96:635–645), featuring 5 mL of total assay volume, enzyme-last sequence, and single inhibitor level in duplicate. It is proposed as the AOCS Method Ba 12a-2020. As a part of the AOCS method approval process, a collaborative study involving 12 international laboratories was conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The study involved measuring TIA in 10 selected test samples plus a blind duplicate. They included soybeans, pulses, cereals, and their processed products (flours, concentrates, and isolates). After rigorous statistical treatment of the data, only three outliers were removed from the data of two samples. Repeatability relative standard deviations (RSDr) for the 11 samples ranged from 0.99% to 5.52%. Reproducibility RSD (RSDR) ranged from 7.07% to 22.92%, with seven samples having RSDR around 10% or less. The remaining four samples had very low TIA, and their RSDR values ranged from 13.34% to 22.92%. The study has demonstrated reliable performance of the proposed AOCS method. Several collaborators carried out additional experiments addressing some aspects of the method, leading to further refinements. The proposed method is undergoing evaluation by the AOCS Uniform Methods Committee for adoption as an Official Method for measuring TIA in various legume and grain products. 相似文献
69.
Mohammad Sadoghi Kenneth A. Ross Mustafa Canim Bishwaranjan Bhattacharjee 《The VLDB Journal The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases》2016,25(5):651-672
Multiversion databases store both current and historical data. Rows are typically annotated with timestamps representing the period when the row is/was valid. We develop novel techniques to reduce index maintenance in multiversion databases, so that indexes can be used effectively for analytical queries over current data without being a heavy burden on transaction throughput. To achieve this end, we re-design persistent index data structures in the storage hierarchy to employ an extra level of indirection. The indirection level is stored on solid-state disks that can support very fast random I/Os, so that traversing the extra level of indirection incurs a relatively small overhead. The extra level of indirection dramatically reduces the number of magnetic disk I/Os that are needed for index updates and localizes maintenance to indexes on updated attributes. Additionally, we batch insertions within the indirection layer in order to reduce physical disk I/Os for indexing new records. In this work, we further exploit SSDs by introducing novel DeltaBlock techniques for storing the recent changes to data on SSDs. Using our DeltaBlock, we propose an efficient method to periodically flush the recently changed data from SSDs to HDDs such that, on the one hand, we keep track of every change (or delta) for every record, and, on the other hand, we avoid redundantly storing the unchanged portion of updated records. By reducing the index maintenance overhead on transactions, we enable operational data stores to create more indexes to support queries. We have developed a prototype of our indirection proposal by extending the widely used generalized search tree open-source project, which is also employed in PostgreSQL. Our working implementation demonstrates that we can significantly reduce index maintenance and/or query processing cost by a factor of 3. For the insertion of new records, our novel batching technique can save up to 90 % of the insertion time. For updates, our prototype demonstrates that we can significantly reduce the database size by up to 80 % even with a modest space allocated for DeltaBlocks on SSDs. 相似文献
70.
Yooyoung Lee James J. Filliben Ross J. Micheals P. Jonathon Phillips 《Computer Vision and Image Understanding》2013,117(5):532-550
The purpose of this paper is to introduce an effective and structured methodology for carrying out a biometric system sensitivity analysis. The goal of sensitivity analysis is to provide the researcher/developer with insight and understanding of the key factors—algorithmic, subject-based, procedural, image quality, environmental, among others—that affect the matching performance of the biometric system under study. This proposed methodology consists of two steps: (1) the design and execution of orthogonal fractional factorial experiment designs which allow the scientist to efficiently investigate the effect of a large number of factors—and interactions—simultaneously, and (2) the use of a select set of statistical data analysis graphical procedures which are fine-tuned to unambiguously highlight important factors, important interactions, and locally-optimal settings. We illustrate this methodology by application to a study of VASIR (Video-based Automated System for Iris Recognition)—NIST iris-based biometric system. In particular, we investigated k = 8 algorithmic factors from the VASIR system by constructing a (26?1 × 31 × 41) orthogonal fractional factorial design, generating the corresponding performance data, and applying an appropriate set of analysis graphics to determine the relative importance of the eight factors, the relative importance of the 28 two-term interactions, and the local best settings of the eight algorithms. The results showed that VASIR’s performance was primarily driven by six factors out of the eight, along with four two-term interactions. A virtue of our two-step methodology is that it is systematic and general, and hence may be applied with equal rigor and effectiveness to other biometric systems, such as fingerprints, face, voice, and DNA. 相似文献