The politics of conservative elites and the 'liberal media' argument

Recent evidence suggests that conservative elites' claims of a liberal media are having an impact upon public perceptions of news coverage. With this in mind, we examined two related questions in the context of the 1988, 1992, and 1996 presidential elections. First, what factors may be prompting conservative elites to make allegations of liberal media bias? Second, what factors may influence when news media report these criticisms during presidential campaigns? Findings suggest that these criticisms of news media are at least partly strategic and reflect a dynamic relationship between political elites and journalists during a presidential campaign.     

1，4-环己二酮单乙二醇缩酮的合成研究

对1,4-环已二酮的单保护反应进行了研究,在自制催化荆催化下,用n(乙二醇)∶n(1,4-环己二酮)=1∶1进行脱水缩合反应,在环己烷溶液中除去部分未保护的原料,在乙酸乙酯中用亚硫酸氢钠提取单保护产物,用10%的碳酸钠脱去亚硫酸氢钠,结晶精制而得产品1,4-环己二酮单乙二醇缩酮[1,4-二氧杂螺(4,5)癸烷-8-酮],收率为68.2%,气相色谱测定其纯度为99.8%.     

Ethanol-induced gastrointestinal damage. Influence of endogenous antioxidant components and gender

This study compared the effects of undiluted and 8% ethanol administered orally on gastrointestinal antioxidant components of male and female rats. Eight percent ethanol increased the activities of duodenal glutathione peroxide (29% in males, 14% in females) and superoxide dismutase in female gastric (24%) and male duodenal (15%) mucosa. This dose of ethanol also increased the glutathione content of gastric mucosa (12% in males, 13% in females). Undiluted ethanol decreased glutathione levels in gastric mucosa (22% in males, 11% in females) and increased glutathione peroxide activity in gastric mucosa (14% in males, 9% in females). Undiluted alcohol also produced decreases in the activity of glutathione reductase in stomach (14% in males, 9% in females) and duodenum (16% in males, 12% in females). Undiluted ethanol caused mucosal damage in the body of the stomach in both genders, accompanied by an increase in luminal pH and fluid accumulation in the stomach; these changes were absent in rats given 8% ethanol. The increase in gastrointestinal antioxidant capacity associated with the administration of 8% ethanol may be a factor in the reported cytoprotective effect of lower doses of ethanol.     

A clinical evaluation of risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia: a 10-week, open-label, multicenter trial. ARCS Study Group. Assessment of Risperdal in a Clinical Setting

The present investigation was conducted to study the effect of selected processing and storage methods on the concentration of ascorbic acid and beta-carotene in Bathua and fenugreek leaves. Methods included storage of leaves with or without polythene bags for 24 and 48 h in a refrigerator at 5 degrees C; at 30 degrees C in polythene bags; drying (sun and oven); blanching (5, 10, 15 min); open pan and pressure cooking. Ascorbic acid content of fresh leaves was 220.97 to 377.65 mg and beta-carotene content was 19.00 to 24.64 mg/100 g, DW. The percent loss of ascorbic acid ranged from 2.03 to 8.77 and 45.15 to 66.9 while lower losses (0.0 to 1.75 and 1.63 to 2.84) of beta-carotene were observed in leaves stored in the refrigerator and at 30 degrees C, respectively. A markedly greater reduction in ascorbic acid and beta-carotene was observed in dried, blanched and cooked leaves. The study data suggest that storage of leaves in refrigeration, drying in oven, blanching for a short time and cooking in a pressure cooker results in better retention of these two vitamins.     

Serial Mitsuda tests for identification of reactional tuberculoid and reactional borderline leprosy forms

The authors studied the Mitsuda reaction in 37 leprosy patients (18 reactional tuberculoid, 19 reactional borderline cases) and compared the results with clinical findings, histopathology and bacilloscopy. Evaluation of the Mitsuda reaction was carried out on days 30, 60, 90 and 120. Most of the reactional tuberculoid patients showed a Mitsuda reaction of +3 in opposition to the reactional borderline patients who showed only +. Bacilloscopic analysis revealed that in 75% of the reactional tuberculoid cases there were rare or no bacilli; bacilli were present in 95% of the reactional borderline cases. The authors conclude that reactional tuberculoid cases have a greater ability to clear bacilli than reactional borderline cases, and that the Mitsuda reaction is a useful tool for the differentiation between these two types of leprosy.     

Role of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) in the design of neuropsychologic research

Diphenhydramine is generally considered an innocuous drug with a minimal risk for abuse and untoward side effects. We describe children and adolescents with chronic hematologic and oncologic diseases who exhibited drug-seeking behavior or anticholinergic symptoms with the use of diphenhydramine. These cases illustrate that the assumption that this drugs is without significant adverse effects may be unwarranted, especially for children and adolescents with chronic diseases.     

Correlation of genetic instability and apoptosis in the presence of oncogenic Ki-Ras

The product of the ras proto-oncogene has been implicated as an essential signal transducer, involved in a variety of biological or pathological activities, including apoptosis. The aim of this investigation was to further explore the mechanisms of apoptosis triggered by Ras. Stable expression of constitutively-activated (v)-Ki-Ras in Balb/c-3T3 mouse fibroblasts resulted in a loss of G1 arrest in response to treatments which induced cell cycle arrest in the parental Balb/c-3T3 cells, accompanied by decreased expression of the p53 tumor suppressor protein and the GADD45 gene, the product of which is involved in DNA repair, and deregulated expression of the MDM-2 gene, the product of which can regulate p53 expression. Ki-Ras expression also increased the frequency of PALA-selectable CAD gene amplification, and paradoxically the susceptibility to PALA-induced apoptosis. After persistent serum-starvation, cells expressing the activated ras gene lost clonogenic potential, indicating impaired capability for genetic repair in the cells. Taken together, these data suggest that activated Ki-ras may confer genetic instabilty upon cells, possibly through interference with tumor suppressors, such as p53. While this instability may facilitate adaptation to environmental stresses, this instability in the genome also renders cells containing activated ras genes intrinsically more susceptible to programmed cell death, possibly by accumulation of undesirable or lethal genetic events during the process of tumor development.