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41.
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The interactions between the tumor and its host are complex, and many aspects of the immune system appear to be adversely affected directly or indirectly by the presence of the tumor. Virtually all of the processes involved in immune induction and action have been implicated in the observed deficient response in tumor-bearing patients. Improved understanding and molecular analysis of the mechanisms underlying the escape of tumors from immune surveillance may lead to the development of novel strategies for the prevention of T-cell immunosuppression in cancer patients, the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies, and potentially prevention of tumor progression or development. 相似文献
43.
This paper reports on an empirical investigation about the economic and CO2 mitigation impacts of bioenergy promotion in the Austrian federal province of Vorarlberg. We study domestic value-added, employment, and fiscal effects by means of a static input–output analysis. The bioenergy systems analysed comprise biomass district heating, pellet heating, and automated wood chip heating systems, as well as logwood stoves and boilers, ceramic stoves, and buffer storage systems. The results indicate that gross economic effects are significant, regarding both investment and operation of the systems, and that the negative economic effects caused by the displacement of conventional decentralised heating systems might be in the order of 20–40%. Finally, CO2 mitigation effects are substantial, contributing already in 2004 around 35% of the 2010 CO2 mitigation target of the Land Vorarlberg for all renewable energy sources. 相似文献
44.
H Nehoda C Wieser J Koller A Konigsrainer HJ Battista W Vogel R Margreiter 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,45(19):191-195
Acute liver failure due to intoxication is a rare indication for liver transplantation which a usually has a good prognosis. We herein report the case of a young male, who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation for acute liver failure due to carbon tetrachloride intoxication. Apart from hepatic and renal failure, the patient also developed severe rhabdomyolysis, which has not thus far been described as a toxic effect of this chemical agent. Despite forced hyperventilation, which is known to be the most effective means of eliminating the specifically lipophylic agent, as well as excessive plasma exchange following intravenous administration of fat emulsions, liver failure recurred when blood carbon tetrachloride concentrations were already at non-toxic levels. Retransplantation of the liver together with a kidney was only temporarily successful, since the patient died due to aspergillus sepsis. Based on this experience, we would recommend that whenever possible in patients with carbon tetrachloride intoxication, liver transplant should be delayed until most of the toxic agent has been eliminated in order to prevent fatal graft damage. 相似文献
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SD Detera-Wadleigh JA Badner T Yoshikawa AR Sanders LR Goldin G Turner DY Rollins T Moses JJ Guroff D Kazuba ME Maxwell HJ Edenberg T Foroud D Lahiri JI Nurnberger OC Stine F McMahon DA Meyers D MacKinnon S Simpson M McInnis JR DePaulo J Rice A Goate ES Gershon 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,74(3):254-262
48.
HV Thomas TJ Key DS Allen JW Moore M Dowsett IS Fentiman DY Wang 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,76(3):401-405
The associations between serum concentrations of oestradiol, testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women were investigated in a prospective study on the island of Guernsey. Sixty-one women who developed breast cancer an average of 7.8 years after blood collection were matched for age, year of blood collection and number of years post-menopausal with 179 control subjects. Women using exogenous hormones at the time of blood collection were excluded from the study. Women who subsequently developed breast cancer had a 29% higher geometric mean oestradiol concentration than control women (P = 0.004). The odds ratio for breast cancer in the top third compared with the lowest third of the oestradiol concentration distribution was 5.03 (95% confidence interval 2.02-12.49, P for trend < 0.001). Adjusting for testosterone and SHBG concentrations did not substantially alter the odds ratio for oestradiol. Although testosterone and SHBG concentrations were associated with breast cancer risk, the concentrations of these hormones were correlated with those of oestradiol; the associations were not statistically significant after adjusting for oestradiol concentration. These data provide evidence that serum oestradiol concentrations in post-menopausal women may have a substantial effect on breast cancer risk. 相似文献
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Huang J Li X Koller GP Di Silvio L Vargas-Reus MA Allaker RP 《Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine》2011,22(3):491-496
Nano-sized titanium containing hydroxyaptite has been prepared, the particle size of nanoTiHA was shown to be 12–20 nm in
width and 30–40 nm in length, smaller than that of nanoHA. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the phase purity of nanoTiHA
produced. Antimicrobical assays demonstrated that nanoTiHA has excellent growth inhibitory properties, and is able to inhibit
the growth of all bacterial strains tested, both Gram-negative and Gram-positive species, including multi-antibiotic resistant
EMRSA 15 and EMRSA 16 ‘superbugs’. Biocidal activity against all four Staphylococcus spp was also shown at the concentration tested. Nanostuctured TiHA coating was successfully deposited onto Ti surfaces using
EHDA spraying under optimized processing conditions with the thickness of the coating being further controlled by the spraying
time. All of the nanoTiHA coated Ti surfaces were able to support human osteoblast (HOB) cell attachment and growth. The coating
thickness did not significantly influence the proliferation of HOB cells on nanoTiHA coatings, while the ability of nanoTiHA
coating to support HOB cell differentiation was demonstrated from the alkaline phosphatase activity. Our study showed that
nanoTiHA has excellent anti-bacterial properties and the thin nanoTiHA coating was also able to support the attachment, growth
and differentiation of HOB cells. Therefore, nanoTiHA coating could pave the way for the development of the next generation
of dental and orthopedic implants by offering anti-infection potential in addition to osteoconductivity. 相似文献