Egg Thiamine Status of Lake Ontario Salmonines 1995–2004 with Emphasis on Lake Trout

Alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus), the major prey fish for Lake Ontario, contain thiaminase. They are associated with development of a thiamine deficiency in salmonines which greatly increases the potential for developing an early mortality syndrome (EMS). To assess the possible effects of thiamine deficiency on salmonine reproduction we measured egg thiamine concentrations for five species of Lake Ontario salmonines. From this we estimated the proportion of families susceptible to EMS based on whether they were below the ED20, the egg thiamine concentration associated with 20% mortality due to EMS. The ED20s were 1.52, 2.63, and 2.99 nmol/g egg for Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), respectively. Based on the proportion of fish having egg thiamine concentrations falling below the ED20, the risk of developing EMS in Lake Ontario was highest for lake trout, followed by coho (O. kisutch), and Chinook salmon, with the least risk for rainbow trout (O. mykiss). For lake trout from western Lake Ontario, mean egg thiamine concentration showed significant annual variability during 1994 to 2003, when the proportion of lake trout at risk of developing EMS based on ED20 ranged between 77 and 100%. Variation in the annual mean egg thiamine concentration for western Lake Ontario lake trout was positively related (p < 0.001, r² = 0.94) with indices of annual adult alewife biomass. While suggesting the possible involvement of density-dependent changes in alewives, the changes are small relative to egg thiamine concentrations when alewife are not part of the diet and are of insufficient magnitude to allow for natural reproduction by lake trout.     

Call admission control schemes under generalized processor sharing scheduling

Provision of Quality‐of‐Service (QoS) guarantees is an important and challenging issue in the design of integrated‐services packet networks. Call admission control is an integral part of the challenge and is closely related to other aspects of networks such as service models, scheduling disciplines, traffic characterization and QoS specification. In this paper we provide a theoretical framework within which call admission control schemes with multiple statistical QoS guarantees can be constructed for the Generalized Processor Sharing (GPS) scheduling discipline. Using this framework, we present several admission control schemes for both session‐based and class‐based service models. The theoretical framework is based on recent results in the statistical analysis of the GPS scheduling discipline and the theory of effective bandwidths. Both optimal schemes and suboptimal schemes requiring less computational effort are studied under these service models. The QoS metric considered is loss probability. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Flash memory under cosmic and alpha irradiation

Neutron and proton irradiation to simulate cosmic ray jeopardy were used to establish that NOR Flash memory (conventional floating polySi gate or ONO floating gate MirrorBit) soft error failure rate (cross section) is 3-5 orders of magnitude better than SRAM. Flash memory soft error rate for a given dose of alpha particle irradiation is much less than for the same dose from simulated cosmic rays.     

Differential effects of hippocampal ablations on dispositional and representational memory in the rat.

Long-Evans rats with electrolytic hippocampal ablations exhibited chronic impairment in performance on a spatial delayed nonmatching-to-sample task in the arms of a T-maze. The same rats exhibited only mild deficits, which disappeared with practice, in dispositional memory-dependent discrimination in the stem. Both types of discrimination were learned rapidly preoperatively with no marked positive or negative interaction between types of discrimination. The present results suggest that hippocampal lesions in rats have far more serious consequences on the performance of representational memory-dependent tasks than similar lesions in monkeys. In agreement with our past studies, the present experiment demonstrated that dispositional and representational memory systems in rodents have at least partially distinct anatomical substrates in brain. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

智能型激光控制器提高灵活性并节省空间

激光二极管是宽带调幅光纤发射系统的核心器件。光纤系统依赖于激光的稳定性,但未受调节控制的激光二极管特性却常因制造误差、温度和使用日久所造成的参数改变而变得不稳定。因此,光纤通信系统需要专用电路来控制重要的激光二极管参数,以确保它们稳定操作。虽然激光控制电路都     

Decentralized management of laboratory automation

It is generally believed that successful robot users have dedicated centralized robotic groups. While such a generalization holds some merit historically, the availability of newer more user-friendly robots and workstations in recent years and a more computer-literate work force today is changing the way that automation can be managed. Decentralization recognizes robots and workstations as additional tools for all analysts, not a select few. Such an approach initiates involvement and education of more staff with respect to automation. This further ushers the development of automated methods instead of the automation of manually-developed methods. Decentralization also provides local control of resources to address the priorities of a specific functional group within the department. Both a vision of the future, as well as a look at the past, should be considered when determining how to manage robotic and other means of automation. This paper discusses decentralized management of robots as currently applied and envisioned in a large pharmaceutical analytical R & D department.     

A comparative study of color measurement lntstrumentation

A multiplant Quality Improvement Team [QIT] was firmed to develop and implement an evaluation program for various color measurement .systems as potential replacements for the then-current aging systems. The emphasis qf this article is the analytical methodology utilized to evaluate the various color systems. The evaluation program consisted cf two phases. Phase I was a general overview/review of several systems, while Phase II was an extensive internal comparative evaluation measurement systems. These were Milton-Roy's ColorMate HDS, HunterLab's Ultrascan, Datacolor's CS-5, and BYK-Gardner's The Color Sphere [TCS]. The main comparison criteria were interinstrument agreement [agreement between two instruments ofthe same system], user-friendly software and computer interface capability, vendor amenability to a long-term logistical and maintenance relationship, and price. All systems were evaluated by duplicate measurements on various color tiles, yarns, and polymer flakes-over 1600 measurements on each system. The systems were compared with an instrument matrix, a decision matrix, and a product matrix. The instrument matrix was a comparison qfinstrument parameters, software/math treatments, and economics. The decision matrix was a forced ranking of each system by each criteria category [1–4 scale, with 1 representing the best and 4 representing the worst]. The product matrix accentuated the relative importance ofone criterion category over another by multiplying the forced ranking by the criticality of the category. The criticality of a given category wus determined by consensus within the QIT. Thr combination qf the three matrices allowed the evaluator[.s] t o select the color rneasuremmt system that best satixfied the color measurement needs and requirements of their facility and their products. For this evaluation, all ofthe evaluated systems were superior to the then-current agingsystems. As a result of this methodology, one instrument emerged as clearly superior. © 1994 John Wrley & Sons, Inc.     

Melt filtration of recycled PVC

The separation of PVC from contaminants is one of the most important steps in recycling PVC. Earlier works have shown that one can separate PVC from other polymers by using the X-ray fluorescence technique. However, in many cases, even after careful separation, there is a remaining impurity level of about 0.1% due to the limitations of the separation processes. In many applications, impurities, particularly nonmeltables, cause defects in the PVC matrix and must be removed for best performance and appearance. Melt filtration appears to be the best technique to remove the nonmeltable impurities.     

The influence of advanced age on the outcome of assisted reproduction

This study investigates within-subject variations and associations of salivary viscosities and flow rates in a test panel of healthy adults. After several practice sessions, unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva samples were collected 5 times daily (at 0800, 1100, 1400, 1700, and 2000 h) from 30 university students. There was a significant within-subject variation in viscosity and flow rate of unstimulated saliva (P<0.001). Intra-item correlations were significantly different for salivary flow rates (r= 0.82 for unstimulated, r= 0.88 for stimulated, P< 0.001) and viscosity of unstimulated saliva (r= 0.54, P< 0.05), but viscosity of stimulated saliva was different in this respect. Our results indicate that there is a significant within-subject variation in viscosity of unstimulated saliva.